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81.
This study sought to describe religiosity and denominational affiliation among the U.S. population living with HIV and to test whether either is associated with HIV-related sexual risk behaviors. A nationally representative sample of 1,421 people in care for HIV, 932 of whom reported recent sexual activity, was utilized. Religiosity was associated with fewer sexual partners and a lower likelihood of engaging in unprotected sex and in high-risk sex. Catholics were less likely to report unprotected sex than were other Christians, adherents of non-Christian religions, and those reporting no religious affiliation. Catholics were also less likely than other Christians to report high-risk sex and reported fewer sexual partners compared to those of non-Christian religions. We did not observe a difference between Catholics and Evangelicals in the three sexual behaviors investigated. Results suggest that religiosity and some religious teachings may promote safer sex among people with HIV. 相似文献
82.
Carlos M. Coelho António P. Palha Daniela C. Gonçalves Nancy Pachana 《Journal of women & aging》2013,25(3-4):283-295
ABSTRACT This study aims to describe rehabilitation and resocialization methods we believe to be appropriate for application to female patients with schizophrenia, in a psychiatric unit with a predominantly older population. We briefly describe the unit and the interventions used as an example of the proposed rehabilitation and resocialization methods applied. The article provides an overview to guide accurate intervention, particularly in inpatient women, in different types of cognitive impairment under the broad category of schizophrenia. Our clinical approach includes a token economy approach, cognitive remediation therapy, and social skills training. The token economy intervention is particularly directed to patients that present with a high mental deterioration and/or debility. Cognitive remediation training is applicable to subjects with both cognitive and social dysfunction, but that do not possess signs of an organic cerebral illness or of substance abuse. Social skills training can be the third step to resocialization, training verbal and nonverbal communication competencies. 相似文献
83.
Hanley Adam W. Dehili Vincent Krzanowski Deidre Barou Daniela Lecy Natalie Garland Eric L. 《Clinical Social Work Journal》2022,50(3):316-324
Clinical Social Work Journal - Interest in mindfulness meditation continues to grow as accumulating evidence suggests mindfulness training encourages more positive functioning. However, basic... 相似文献
84.
One of the main challenges in the field of performance measurement and management in public organisations is about how to use and manage performance measures effectively. This study aims to examine the stages involved in the process of utilisation of performance measures, i.e. adoption and implementation, and to investigate the political, cultural and rational factors that affect this process. For this purpose, a theoretical model from the literature has been extended and tested by using the data gathered through a survey involving the managers of several departments of Italian regions and municipal districts. The final sample has included 201 usable observations. The data analysis has been conducted using structural equation modelling. A significant cause-and-effect relationship was found between the stages of adoption and implementation. Moreover, it was found that adoption is driven significantly by rational factors. Otherwise actual implementation is influenced by factors addressed both by political considerations, such as external interest groups and by rational evaluations such as resources. The effects of other rational and cultural factors on implementation stage are mediated by adoption. 相似文献
85.
Local governments are increasingly entering into partnerships with the private sector in the “externalization” of public service delivery. While the financial and non-financial interests of the partners involved may appear to be in opposition and potentially un-reconcilable, this is not always the case, especially where governance arrangements exist to align and balance the requirements of financial and non-financial performance. Such arrangements are analysed here with reference to Estonia’s largest water company with mixed public-private ownership. It has a business-like management that facilitates a combination of good non-financial performance (quality and affordability) and considerable financial performance (profitability). 相似文献
86.
Víctor M. Guerrero Daniela Cortés Toto Hortensia J. Reyes Cervantes 《Statistical Methods and Applications》2018,27(1):109-130
This paper studies the effect of autocorrelation on the smoothness of the trend of a univariate time series estimated by means of penalized least squares. An index of smoothness is deduced for the case of a time series represented by a signal-plus-noise model, where the noise follows an autoregressive process of order one. This index is useful for measuring the distortion of the amount of smoothness by incorporating the effect of autocorrelation. Different autocorrelation values are used to appreciate the numerical effect on smoothness for estimated trends of time series with different sample sizes. For comparative purposes, several graphs of two simulated time series are presented, where the estimated trend is compared with and without autocorrelation in the noise. Some findings are as follows, on the one hand, when the autocorrelation is negative (no matter how large) or positive but small, the estimated trend gets very close to the true trend. Even in this case, the estimation is improved by fixing the index of smoothness according to the sample size. On the other hand, when the autocorrelation is positive and large the simulated and estimated trends lie far away from the true trend. This situation is mitigated by fixing an appropriate index of smoothness for the estimated trend in accordance to the sample size at hand. Finally, an empirical example serves to illustrate the use of the smoothness index when estimating the trend of Mexico’s quarterly GDP. 相似文献
87.
Riccardo Borgoni Piero Quatto Giorgio Somà Daniela de Bartolo 《Statistical Methods and Applications》2010,19(2):255-276
Radon is a natural radioactive gas known to be the main contributor to natural background radiation exposure and the major
leading cause of lung cancer second to smoking. Indoor radon concentration levels of 200 and 400 Bq/m3 are reference values suggested by the 90/143/Euratom recommendation, above which mitigation measures should be taken in new
and old buildings, respectively, to reduce exposure to radon. Despite this international recommendation, Italy still does
not have mandatory regulations or guidelines to deal with radon in dwellings. Monitoring surveys have been undertaken in a
number of western European countries in order to assess the exposure of people to this radioactive gas and to identify radon
prone areas. However, such campaigns provide concentration values in each single dwelling included in the sample, while it
is often necessary to provide measures of the pollutant concentration which refer to sub-areas of the region under study.
This requires a realignment of the spatial data from the level at which they are collected (points) to the level at which
they are necessary (areas). This is known as change of support problem.In this paper, we propose a methodology based on geostatistical simulations in order to solve this problem and to identify
radon prone areas which may be suggested for national guidelines. 相似文献
88.
This article reports results of an experiment designed to analyze the link between risky decisions made by couples and risky
decisions made separately by each spouse. We estimate both the spouses and the couples’ degrees of risk aversion, we assess
how the risk preferences of the two spouses aggregate when they make risky decisions, and we shed light on the dynamics of
the decision process that takes place when couples make risky decisions. We find that, far from being fixed, the balance of
power within the household is malleable. In most couples, men have, initially, more decision-making power than women but women
who ultimately implement the joint decisions gain more and more power over the course of decision making. 相似文献
89.
Daniela F. Melo 《Social movement studies》2016,15(4):403-416
This article examines the role of women’s mobilisations related to the 1974 Portuguese revolution. An in-depth analysis of three women’s organisations through archival research and interviews with participants highlights the ways in which they participated in a cycle of contention between 1974 and 1977. Examination of framing strategies demonstrates the effects of political and cultural context. In particular, I demonstrate that movement–party alliances informed and constrained the diagnostic and prognostic frames of women’s movements on feminism and the revolution. Opportunity structures are shown to vary for different organisations within the same cycle of contention. Facing relatively closed opportunities, two of these organisations pursued framing strategies that articulated with the Left-dominated master frame of the cycle in order to carve out spaces for gender-specific demands while rejecting the label of feminism. The third organisation, instead, presented a countercultural frame that alienated the organisation from party and movement allies. Unable to overcome ideological divisions and rivalries, the three organisations perceived each other as competitors, rather than potential allies. While party–movement cooperation contributed to the emergence of a fractionalised women’s movement, it also provided important support structures to aid women’s organisations to mobilise in a cultural and political context that was closed to feminist demands. 相似文献
90.
Miguel Pereira Lopes Patricia Jardim da Palma Miguel Pina e Cunha 《Social indicators research》2011,102(2):333-350
Current theories on economic growth are stressing the important role of creativity and innovation as a main driver of regional development. Some perspectives, like Richard Florida’s ‘creative class theory’, have elected tolerance and diversity as a core concept in explaining differential development between different places, but his assumptions are challenged by other empirical and theoretical studies. In this article, we raise the possibility that tolerance is a necessary yet not a sufficient ingredient to trigger economic development in regions, and explore the role of subjective well-being (life-satisfaction, happiness, and optimism) as a moderator. Using a nationwide survey of 3,757 respondents from 21 different municipalities, the results show that optimism played the role of moderator, thus evidencing that psychological variables should be taken into account when trying to understand regional economic development. 相似文献