Understanding Cumulative Risk Perception from Judgments and Choices: An Application to Flood Risks

Catastrophic events, such as floods, earthquakes, hurricanes, and tsunamis, are rare, yet the cumulative risk of each event occurring at least once over an extended time period can be substantial. In this work, we assess the perception of cumulative flood risks, how those perceptions affect the choice of insurance, and whether perceptions and choices are influenced by cumulative risk information. We find that participants' cumulative risk judgments are well represented by a bimodal distribution, with a group that severely underestimates the risk and a group that moderately overestimates it. Individuals who underestimate cumulative risks make more risk‐seeking choices compared to those who overestimate cumulative risks. Providing explicit cumulative risk information for relevant time periods, as opposed to annual probabilities, is an inexpensive and effective way to improve both the perception of cumulative risk and the choices people make to protect against that risk.     

The Service Brand as Relationships Builder

This article examines the appropriateness of the notion and application of relationship marketing in various contexts. Theoretical and conceptual similarities between the broad notions of ‘the brand’ and of relationship marketing as risk reducers, simplifiers of choice and guarantee of quality are uncovered. We put forward a notion of relationship marketing as a further step in the branding process, whereby whenever perceived risk and consumer involvement are high, relationship marketing acts as a supplementary tool enabling consumers to maintain cognitive consistency and psychological comfort. Experts' opinions regarding branding in a service context expanded on these concepts. Especially for more intangible offerings, such as financial services, the experts stressed the use of corporate brand identity as the basis of relationship building both inside and outside the organization and as a means to achieve differentiation and provide the focus for homogeneous and consistent service delivery. Finally, we suggest the concept of the service brand as a holistic process beginning with the relationship between the firm and its staff and coming alive during the interactions between staff and customers.     

Legitimacy theory may explain the failure of global adoption of IFRS: the case of Europe and the U.S.

We investigate the reasons why “adoption” of one set of globally accepted accounting standards is presently unachievable. By “adoption” we mean that a jurisdiction incorporates IFRS instantly as its national accounting as issued by the IASB. We state that the IASB has used a Legitimacy Theory strategy to gain acceptance of its standards by more than 120 countries across the globe but it has only gained pseudo-“adoption” (not as published by the IASB) of its standards by many countries. We contend that achieving policing and enforcement of its standards globally has proven to be empirically illusive. This legitimacy deficit may explain why convergence between the IASB and FASB is currently idle. We offer a possible solution to bridging the legitimacy gap of global adoption of IFRS. We propose an internationally respected regulator and suggest the IOSCO for this role through its participation in the IFRS Foundation Monitoring Board for policing and enforcement of IFRS for cross-listed firms reporting in compliance with IFRS so that the IASB’s output legitimacy may be achieved globally.     

组织文化度量:本土模型的构建与实证研究

本文旨在构建本土化的组织文化度量模型,并检验模型的有效性.作者在质性研究的基础上,从"组织对利益相关者的价值判断"与"组织对管理行为的价值判断"两个角度来构建我国组织文化度量模型.前者由组织对股东、客户、员工、社会大众等组织利益相关者价值判断维度构成,后者由组织文化动力特征、效率特征、秩序特征与和谐特征四个子模块构成.在验证性因子分析中,假设模型得到了很好的验证.本文最后比较了本土化模型与国外已有的重要模型在研究逻辑和方法上的差异,并对我国企业文化建设实践提出了若干建议.     

企业雇员组织承诺三因素模型实证研究

文章以来自西安15家企业中的742名雇员为样本,采用协方差结构等式模型对组织承诺三因素模型在中国企业雇员中的适用性进行了初步考察。研究主要发现:测量感情承诺和规范承诺的量表具有可接受的信度,但是测量连续承诺的量表信度较低。三个量表表现出可接受的会聚和区分效度,但是效标效度还需要进一步的研究。     

Computing maximum likelihood estimates from type II doubly censored exponential data

It is well-known that, under Type II double censoring, the maximum likelihood (ML) estimators of the location and scale parameters, θ and δ, of a twoparameter exponential distribution are linear functions of the order statistics. In contrast, when θ is known, theML estimator of δ does not admit a closed form expression. It is shown, however, that theML estimator of the scale parameter exists and is unique. Moreover, it has good large-sample properties. In addition, sharp lower and upper bounds for this estimator are provided, which can serve as starting points for iterative interpolation methods such as regula falsi. Explicit expressions for the expected Fisher information and Cramér-Rao lower bound are also derived. In the Bayesian context, assuming an inverted gamma prior on δ, the uniqueness, boundedness and asymptotics of the highest posterior density estimator of δ can be deduced in a similar way. Finally, an illustrative example is included.     

政府部门与企业人员培训管理的差异比较与评价研究

培训是人力资源开发的主要手段。政府部门和企业作为两种不同的组织形态,在组织目标、组织结构、组织文化、组织环境上存在明显差异,这些差异的存在使得两类组织在内部人员培训侧重点、培训目标、培训管理体制和培训法律依据等方面存在本质上的不同。在培训管理现状上,政府部门与企业在培训制度的完备程度、培训管理的规范与否、培训渠道是否多样、培训基础建设和培训实效的重视程度上都存在差异,且各有优势。为促进两类组织在培训方面的共同提高,政府部门与企业应相互学习。企业应学习政府部门重视思想素质的培训、培训管理体系的建立和培训基础工作的夯实,政府部门应学习企业重视培训实效的加强和培训途径的开拓。     

国画与阴阳辩证法

本文认为国画具体地体现着阴阳辩证法 ,它集中地表现为“象”与“意”的关系 ,又具体实现在辩证的构图和技法中     

关于社会对技术的必要约束——评技术价值中立论与价值自主论

技术的价值在于它可以物化为人造物 ,用来取代天然自然物和人自身。这种取代的成功导致了人类的“技术化生存”。现代技术有可能导致人的全面异化 ,所以对技术的研究与应用应加以必要的、合理的约束。技术价值中立论认为技术不涉及善恶问题 ,会导致对技术的无任何约束。这种观点是错误的。技术有禁区 ,如果技术研究同人类的根本利益相悖 ,就应当禁止。应提倡技术人道主义原则 ,这就需要摈弃认为技术自我决定、不受任何约束的技术至上论或技术自主论     

国际人权公约与我国人权立法的比较

本文通过国际人权公约和我国人权立法的比较,可以看到我国人权立法与世界共同标准不断接近的轨迹.尽管权利的确立和保障,要受一国经济、社会和文化发展水平的制约,采取的步骤应与一国的国情和承受能力相适应.但毫无疑问,继续缩小两者的差异,解决相互间的冲突,是我国人权立法完善和前进的方向.