飞鸟时代奈良法隆寺的佛寺艺术

佛教自西汉末年传入中国后,东汉明帝时在洛阳建立中国第一座佛寺白马寺.至魏晋南北朝时,佛教及其佛寺建筑全面兴盛.佛教思潮的东渐,最终被飞鸟时代[1]的日本受容.南北朝佛寺建筑之风也由是影响了日本的佛寺建筑.法隆寺作为飞鸟时代佛寺建筑的代表,保存了其最完好的样本,为后人留下了极其珍贵的文化遗产.文章对法隆寺建筑艺术及其对中国佛教文化的受容,进行了考量和分析,并提出了一些浅见.     

日本军国主义与朝鲜

1910年日本军国主义完全吞并朝鲜,并以“确保东洋的和平与日韩两国人民幸福”的欺骗口号之下,在朝鲜进行了36年的殖民统治。初期,日本将“大韩帝国”的国号改为朝鲜,设立了朝鲜总督府的统治体制。“三一”运动之后,其统治方式逐渐转为文化统治。文化统治是残暴统治的延续,其手段更为野蛮。残暴统治和文化统治都给战后朝鲜社会的发展带来了严重的后果。     

论发展协商民主与和谐社会的构建

和谐社会是一个多元的和宽容的社会,它能够在矛盾和对立中寻求合作与共识,谋求共同发展,能够容纳并解决利益冲突。因此,构建社会主义和谐社会本质上是实现各种利益冲突的动态平衡。发展协商民主是平衡利益冲突,构建和谐社会的重要策略,是我国政治文明建设的主要方向和目标。要实现这一目标,离不开各种相关机制与途径的共同完善。     

A quadratic time exact algorithm for continuous connected 2-facility location problem in trees

This paper studies the continuous connected 2-facility location problem (CC2FLP) in trees. Let \(T = (V, E, c, d, \ell , \mu )\) be an undirected rooted tree, where each node \(v \in V\) has a weight \(d(v) \ge 0\) denoting the demand amount of v as well as a weight \(\ell (v) \ge 0\) denoting the cost of opening a facility at v, and each edge \(e \in E\) has a weight \(c(e) \ge 0\) denoting the cost on e and is associated with a function \(\mu (e,t) \ge 0\) denoting the cost of opening a facility at a point x(e, t) on e where t is a continuous variable on e. Given a subset \(\mathcal {D} \subseteq V\) of clients, and a subset \(\mathcal {F} \subseteq \mathcal {P}(T)\) of continuum points admitting facilities where \(\mathcal {P}(T)\) is the set of all the points on edges of T, when two facilities are installed at a pair of continuum points \(x_1\) and \(x_2\) in \(\mathcal {F}\), the total cost involved in CC2FLP includes three parts: the cost of opening two facilities at \(x_1\) and \(x_2\), K times the cost of connecting \(x_1\) and \(x_2\), and the cost of all the clients in \(\mathcal {D}\) connecting to some facility. The objective is to open two facilities at a pair of continuum points in \(\mathcal {F}\) to minimize the total cost, for a given input parameter \(K \ge 1\). This paper focuses on the case of \(\mathcal {D} = V\) and \(\mathcal {F} = \mathcal {P}(T)\). We first study the discrete version of CC2FLP, named the discrete connected 2-facility location problem (DC2FLP), where two facilities are restricted to the nodes of T, and devise a quadratic time edge-splitting algorithm for DC2FLP. Furthermore, we prove that CC2FLP is almost equivalent to DC2FLP in trees, and develop a quadratic time exact algorithm based on the edge-splitting algorithm. Finally, we adapt our algorithms to the general case of \(\mathcal {D} \subseteq V\) and \(\mathcal {F} \subseteq \mathcal {P}(T)\).     

Entrepreneurial Motivations and Capabilities of Migrant Entrepreneurs in Australia

This article presents findings on immigrant entrepreneurship in Australia. The relationship between the entrepreneurial start‐up motivation, co‐ethnic preferences and entrepreneurial capabilities of established immigrant businesses are explored. We analyse data collected with a self‐administered survey questionnaire from 157 immigrant entrepreneurs in Melbourne's suburbs. Our findings show that immigrant entrepreneurs who report a high level of individual achievement as their start‐up motivation also report high levels of entrepreneurial capabilities in terms of opportunity recognition, managerial innovativeness and proactiveness. Immigrant entrepreneurs who are highly influenced by co‐ethnic preferences on staff employment and customer targeting report higher opportunity recognition than those who have a co‐ethnic preference on suppliers. We provide important insights and explanations for these findings and their implications for Australian immigrant entrepreneurs and policymakers.     

宏观经济因素对中国城镇劳动供给的影响

为了从宏观经济层面分析中国城镇劳动参与率迅速下降的深层原因,本文综合利用各人口、制度、宏观经济等时间序列数据,通过建立因子分析、多元回归分析、向量自回归等模型,从同期和滞后两个方面来研究宏观经济因素对劳动供给的影响.得出经济发展水平提高、经济制度变革、失业率上升、劳动力供给增加是中国劳动参与率降低的主要原因,在此基础上,提出相关有意义的结论.     

从族谱编纂看满族的民族认同

族谱是民间最常见的传世文献 ,具有追根寻祖、辨别亲疏、敬宗收族等作用。本文指出 ,族谱在民族识别和民族认同方面具有不容低估的现实意义。这里 ,重要的不仅在于甄别史实的真伪 ,而且还在于理解特定社会氛围中族人对于族谱的策略性利用。本文以满族族谱为主要对象 ,将实地调查与文本分析相结合 ,尝试对族谱在民族认同中的功能进行个案研究。     

Additive mixed effect model for recurrent gap time data

Gap times between recurrent events are often of primary interest in medical and observational studies. The additive hazards model, focusing on risk differences rather than risk ratios, has been widely used in practice. However, the marginal additive hazards model does not take the dependence among gap times into account. In this paper, we propose an additive mixed effect model to analyze gap time data, and the proposed model includes a subject-specific random effect to account for the dependence among the gap times. Estimating equation approaches are developed for parameter estimation, and the asymptotic properties of the resulting estimators are established. In addition, some graphical and numerical procedures are presented for model checking. The finite sample behavior of the proposed methods is evaluated through simulation studies, and an application to a data set from a clinic study on chronic granulomatous disease is provided.     

北京人口和产业政策的经济影响分析——利用扩展的投入产出模型

本文分析北京控制人口增长和产业政策引发的经济影响,通过延伸的北京投入产出模型计算最终需求(产出、收入、税收和GDP)乘数和产出驱动(产出、收入、税收和GDP)乘数,测算北京人口控制和产业疏解引发的经济影响和土地开发限制引发的经济影响。分析结果显示,无论是人口控制、产业疏解,还是土地开发限制,对北京的经济影响都是相当显著的,计算的主要经济指标(分行业的产出、收入、税收和GDP)的绝对值和增长率都表明了这个结论。因此,北京在控制人口和疏解产业的同时,需要采取相应的措施来消除控制城市增长的人口和产业政策带来的税收、收入等负面影响。     

论一分为三的认识新视野

一分为三是辩证法规律的一种形象表述,这种表达方式是现时代的辩证法的本体论和方法论发展的结果,三分所要体现的是规律的动态展现过程,事物的整体动态的发展观,是对事物的孤立的、静止的、片面的观点的克服.一分为三体现着人与自然,人与社会,人与自身心理等的和谐,人类社会的发展所走向的是一种共存,文明的发展是一种共存;对于规律的认识是一个不断接近的过程,而对于事理的分析是要回到事理本身的,一分为三的规律普遍地体现在它的现象的逻辑、理性的逻辑和实践的逻辑之中.