应用神经元控制器的实时控制装置和实验

针对平衡倒立摆这一非线性控制问题，设计了神经元控制器和控制装置，编制了实时控制程序．控制装置运行良好，成功地平衡了倒立摆．实时控制实验显示，当倒立摆的参数变化时，神经元控制器比一般的控制器具有强得多的自适应能力．     

Structural and Behavioural Changes in the Short TermPreventive Check in the Northwest Balkans in the 18th and19th Centuries

Fertility responded negatively to grain insufficiency(proxied by grain price increases), and mortality respondedpositively in Croatia-Slavonia-Srem in the 18thand 19th centuries, as in most of Europe. Shiftsin the intensity and timing of these responsesoccurred over time as social and economic structureschanged. Shifts in the elasticity of fertility withrespect to grain supply inversely mimic and lagchanges in the elasticity of mortality. Both appear tobe induced by increasing land shortage, the collapseof feudalism, and differences in the patterns ofadjustment to post-feudal conditions among former civiland military serfs. Generally, responses are strongerfor civil and former civil serfs, who may have been inless favourable economic circumstances than themilitary. Fertility responses in the year of a priceshock come to dominate those in the year following,suggesting a shift from contraception to abortion aseconomic and social conditions apparently worsened andstrategies of control intensified. Analysis of monthlyresponses supports the conjecture based on the annualresponses. The shift to the preventive check and strength of thepreventive check in the same year as the price shockis unusual in Europe and beyond. Analysis is based on25 parishes and employs lagged annual and monthly timeseries analysis with corrections for autocorrelation,in combination with ethnographic and historical data.     

An empirical investigation of human dyadic systems in the time and frequency domains

This paper presents time and frequency domain analyses of psychotherapy data drawn from a unique dyadic system--the patient/therapist (P/T) system. The data are constituted by a time series defined by which member of the P/T system held the speaker role at each second of ten recorded psychotherapy consultations. The series reflects a specific property of communication within the dyad. Each series significantly followed a first order autoregressive model. That is, each was highly sensitive to the prior state of the system, or equivalently, the system showed feedforward of its prior state. These models became more significant after intervention analysis further clarified the underlying autoregressive structure. The histograms of the frequency of the length of each utterance indicated an underlying Poisson model for the emergence of speech. The parameters of the Poisson and autoregressive models were used to determine blindly which of four pairs of interviews involved the same therapist with two different patients. The method correctly identified three of the therapist four pairs but failed to identify different interviews with the same patient, a significantly negative result. These results suggest that certain time domain measures are therapist-dominated, so that the therapist drives change in these areas within the P/T system more strongly than the patient. In the frequency domain, the coherency between each of the 45 pairs of speaker series was used in an attempt to identify which time series corresponded systematically to the same therapists or patients. This proved futile because no two pairs of series--no P/T system--showed significant non-zero coherency. This result suggests that the harmonics of the switching of the speaker role are not determined by the therapist or patient alone but by the P/T system as an entity. We conclude that human dyadic systems may show predominant influence of one member or jointly determined patterns that are highly distinctive.     

创新型人才的培养与图书馆教育功能的发挥

创新型人才是具有高尚思想品德、丰富文化知识、合理知识结构、创新思维和创新能力的高素质人才。图书馆在创新型人才的培养中发挥着重要的作用 :①延伸课堂教学 ,完善创新型人才的知识结构 ;②对创新型人才实施全面的素质教育 ;③培养创新型人才的信息意识 (情报意识 )和信息能力 ;④图书馆的人文环境有利于创新型人才创新品质的培养。因此 ,图书馆应进一步加强现代化建设 ,强化其教育功能 ,以便为创新型人才的培养做出更大的贡献     

浅议林业创新系统中人才的培养结构

21世纪是知识经济的时代。知识要素和人力资源 (即人才 )是知识经济的两个重要因素 ,知识的传播和人才的培养都离不开教育。该文以国家创新系统的人才层次结构为依据 ,提出林业创新系统的人才层次结构和林业创新人才的层次结构 ,并通过分析北京林业大学历年教师、学生的数据 ,得出在中国林业发展的三大阶段中林业创新人才培养的实际结构和未来结构 ,指出在知识创新的情况下 ,培养未来林业人才的趋势     

多科性研究型大学办学指导思想下的图书馆职能转换及建设对策

建设国际知名、国内高水平多科性研究型大学已成为北京林业大学的办学指导思想和奋斗目标 ,因此 ,图书馆面临着服务对象、服务内容、服务方式、服务针对性、服务层次等 5个方面的职能转换。针对形势变化和学校建设的需求 ,该文提出了图书馆在 4个方面的建设对策 :①建设研究型特色图书馆 ;②建设能提供深层次、全方位的文献信息导航服务的导航体系 ;③对文献信息资源进行重组和优化配置 ,建设特色馆藏 ;④启动支撑学科建设尤其是重点学科建设的“数字图书馆工程项目”。     

高校图书馆公共调查方法与指标的研究

图书馆是高校的重要组成部分 ,其管理状况和作用的发挥关系到所在高校全局的发展。为了搞好图书馆建设 ,公共调查是一项经常性、基础性的工作。该文从高校图书馆公共调查的一般指标和方法的角度 ,结合高校图书馆的特点 ,提出了公共调查的一般思路、各业务板块的调查指标和方法设计及图书馆综合调查的要求和结构     

Multidimensional poverty: An alternative measurement approach for the United States?

International poverty research has increasingly underscored the need to use multidimensional approaches to measure poverty. Largely embraced in Europe and elsewhere, this has not had much impact on the way poverty is measured in the United States. In this paper, I use a comprehensive multidimensional framework including economic well-being, capability, and social inclusion to examine poverty in the US. Data from the 2004 General Social Survey support the interconnectedness among these poverty dimensions, indicating that the multidimensional framework utilizing a comprehensive set of information provides a compelling value added to poverty measurement. The suggested demographic characteristics of the various categories of the poor are somewhat similar between this approach and other traditional approaches. But the more comprehensive and accurate measurement outcomes from this approach help policymakers target resources at the specific groups.     

Labor Market and Socioeconomic Effects on Marital Stability

This paper reports an investigation of the effects of socioeconomic and labor market factors on the dissolution of marriages since the mid 1960s. We examine the effects of possible sources of marital disruption, including poor labor market opportunities for young adults; the economic independence and improved labor market opportunities of women; and changes in the labor market roles and expectations of women within marriage. Using the National Longitudinal Surveys of Young Men, Young Women, and Youth, we estimate the effects on marital stability of husbands′ and wives′ levels, differences and changes in educational attainment, income, and annual weeks worked. Our results suggest that average levels of couples′ educational attainment and recent work experiences positively affect marital stability. The degree to which husbands and wives differ on educational attainment and income does not affect marital stability, but the more that wives work relative to their husbands, the greater the chances of disruption. Positive changes in wives′ socioeconomic and labor force characteristics over the course of their marriages increase the odds of marital disruption.