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811.
The notion of the quality of life has always intrigued economists, sociologists and other researchers in the area of social science. Since the genesis of the definition of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as a truthful measure of well-being and economic development, other sophisticated methodologies have been proposed in the literature to measure the quality-of-life (QOL) that extend in a multidimensional way this complex concept. Measuring QOL in municipalities consists in finding a set of comparable attributes that can be weighted by some metric in order to construct a synthetic index. Thus, the narrow vision obtained by a single measure as the GDP, in which differences in the QOL cannot be fully analyzed, is overcome. Based upon a refinement of data envelopment analysis (DEA)—the cross-efficiency method, the current paper develops a synthetic QOL index that is based in 19 partial indicators which present the tradeoffs of different dimension for the 87 municipalities of the Canary Islands in Spain. Marginal rates of substitution are calculated to evaluate the tradeoffs on QOL dimensions. A method is also proposed to determine the scores chart of each municipality which can be used as a tool to policy makers in order to establish a program of improving the ranking position of the municipality identifying the critical QOL factors. 相似文献
812.
Two practical degrees of complexity may arise when designing an experiment for a model of a real life case. First, some explanatory variables may not be under the control of the practitioner. Secondly, the responses may be correlated. In this paper three real life cases in this situation are considered. Different covariance structures are studied and some designs are computed adapting the theory of marginally restricted designs for correlated observations. An exchange algorithm given by Brimkulov's algorithm is also adapted to marginally restricted D–optimality and it is applied to a complex situation. 相似文献
813.
Stochastic simulation is widely used to validate procedures and provide guidance for both theoretical and practical problems.
Random variate generation is the basis of stochastic simulation. Applying the ratio-of-uniforms method to generate random
vectors requires the ability to generate points uniformly in a suitable region of the space. Starting from the observation
that, for many multivariate distributions, the multidimensional objective region can be covered by a hyper-ellipsoid more
tightly than by a hyper-rectangle, a new algorithm to generate from multivariate distributions is proposed. Due to the computational
saving it can produce, this method becomes an appealing statistical tool to generate random vectors from families of standard
and nonstandard multivariate distributions. It is particularly interesting to generate from densities known up to a multiplicative
constant, for example, from those arising in Bayesian computation. The proposed method is applied and its efficiency is shown
for some classes of distributions. 相似文献
814.
We use census microdata to assess the levels of educational homogamy in six Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile,
Costa Rica, Ecuador and Mexico. This paper contributes to the literature on homogamy in three ways. First, by conducting a
comparative analysis between countries belonging to the still little-studied region of Latin America, which is still undergoing
intense and varied processes of demographic, economic, social, and political modernization. Second, by simultaneously including
variables of structural and individual nature. Finally, by making progress with respect to the interactions between educational
homogamy and other important variables associated with high levels of social inequality in the region: race, ethnicity and
birthplace. 相似文献
815.
Watkins Deborah J. Torres Zayas Héctor Ramón Vélez Vega Carmen M. Rosario Zaira Welton Michael Agosto Arroyo Luis D. Cardona Nancy Díaz Reguero Zulmarie J. Santos Rivera Amailie Huerta-Montañez Gredia Brown Phil Alshawabkeh Akram Cordero José F. Meeker John D. 《Population and environment》2020,42(1):95-111
Population and Environment - Prior to Hurricane Maria, Puerto Rico already had 200+ hazardous waste sites, significant contamination of water resources, and among the highest rates of preterm birth... 相似文献
816.
José Ramón Rodríguez-Pérez Celestino Ordóñez Javier Roca-Pardiñas Daniel Vecín-Arias Fernando Castedo-Dorado 《Risk analysis》2020,40(7):1418-1437
It is widely accepted that the relationship between lightning wildfire occurrence and its influencing factors vary depending on the spatial scale of analysis, making the development of models at the regional scale advisable. In this study, we analyze the effects of different biophysical variables and lightning characteristics on lightning-caused forest wildfires in Castilla y León region (Central Spain). The presence/absence of at least one lightning-caused fire in any 4 × 4-km grid cell was used as a dependent variable and vegetation type and structure, terrain, climate, and lightning characteristics were used as possible covariates. Five prediction methods were compared: a generalized linear model (GLM), a random forest model (RFM), a generalized additive model (GAM), a GAM that includes a spatial trend function (GAMs) and a spatial autoregressive model (AUREG). A GAMs with just one covariate, apart from longitude and latitude for each observation included as a combined effect, was considered the most appropriate model in terms of both predictive ability and simplicity. According to our results, the probability of a forest being affected by a lightning-caused fire is positively and nonlinearly associated with the percentage of coniferous woodlands in the landscape, suggesting that occurrence is more closely associated with vegetation type than with topography, climate, or lightning characteristics. The selected GAMs is intended to inform the Regional Government of Castilla y León (the fire and fuel agency in the region) regarding identification of areas at greatest risk so it can design long-term forest fuel and fire management strategies. 相似文献
817.
Rendeková Alena Mičieta Karol Randáková Zuzana Ballová Dominika Eliašová Mariana Miškovic Ján 《Urban Ecosystems》2020,23(4):875-891
Urban Ecosystems - Tram and railway tracks represent specific urban habitats, which host a specific type of flora. This study aims to compile the information about species composition of flora of... 相似文献
818.
Marwan Al-Jubeh Michael Hoffmann Mashhood Ishaque Diane L. Souvaine Csaba D. Tóth 《Journal of Combinatorial Optimization》2011,22(3):409-425
It is shown that for every finite set of disjoint convex polygonal obstacles in the plane, with a total of n vertices, the free space around the obstacles can be partitioned into open convex cells whose dual graph (defined below)
is 2-edge connected. Intuitively, every edge of the dual graph corresponds to a pair of adjacent cells that are both incident
to the same vertex. 相似文献
819.
Gender Issues - This article focuses on conversations about gender and mathematics among other intersecting identities such as age, education level, and professional expertise. I used positioning... 相似文献
820.
José António Pereirinha Francisco Branco Elvira Pereira Maria Inês Amaro 《Social Policy & Administration》2020,54(4):574-586
The Guaranteed Minimum Income (GMI) was created in Portugal by a centre-left Socialist Party government in 1996, as the most important constitutive part of a ‘new generation of active social policies,’ which completed the existence in Portugal of a universal system of guaranteed income. Its transformation into a Social Integration Income (SII) in 2003 and its retrenchment in the period of the Great Recession and troika austerity (2011–2015) has reduced the scope of this policy measure as a universal safety net policy. This article examines the context and the major drivers for the creation and for the policy changes that occurred in the GMI/SII. Looking at the political debates and the changes in this policy measure along this period, we argue that the major reforms introduced since its creation reflect ideological cleavages within the political arena. Considering the very low share in total government current expenditure of GMI/SII, this can explain the social policy selective retreat associated to the changes introduced in this policy measure by the centre-right coalition in government, in the latest period of cost containment of social policy in Portugal, leading to a great decrease in the number of beneficiaries and to an increase of its inadequacy. 相似文献