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Simone Gafner Caroline H. G. Bastiaenen Philippe Terrier Ilona Punt Serge Ferrari Gabriel Gold Rob de Bie Lara Allet 《European review of aging and physical activity》2017,14(1):5
Background
In elderly individuals an increased muscle strength contributes to the diminution of the falls risk and associated adverse events. An increasing interest in lateral control exists due to the fatal consequences of postero-lateral falls. Therefore a proper assessment of frontal plane hip muscle strength in elderly is important but remains challenging.Therefore we aimed to investigate the feasibility and repeatability of a hip abductor and adductor maximum voluntary isometric strength (MVIS) and rate of force generation (RFG) test in elderly. This represents an initial step in the development process of a new and clinically relevant test that could lead to more specific treatment protocols for this population.Methods
In this measurement focused study hip abduction (ABD) and adduction (ADD) MVIS and RFG were tested twice within one to three hours with a dynamometer fixed to a custom made frame in a geriatric population including fallers and non-fallers. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICCagreement), standard error of measurement (SEM), and smallest detectable difference (SDD) were determined.Results
All recruited persons (N?=?76; mean age (SD) 80.46 (7.05) years old) completed the tests. The average time needed to complete the strength tests was 10.58 min. (1.56) per muscle group. The reliability of the hip ABD and ADD was high with ICC’sagreement ranging from 0.83 to 0.97. The SDD varied between 18.1 and 81.8% depending on the muscle group and type of strength that was evaluated.Conclusion
Hip abductor and adductor strength measures in older person are feasible and reliable. However, the significance of moderate changes in these measurements may be limited by the large SDD and SEM. Therefore, physical therapist should be careful when using this measure for assessing the progress of an individual person in a daily clinical use.62.
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Melina Aikaterini Malli Lara Sams Rachel Forrester-Jones Glynis Murphy Melanie Henwood 《Disability & Society》2018,33(9):1412-1435
AbstractThe Financial Crisis of 2008 resulted in many western economies implementing cuts in health and social care. This systematic review provides a holistic picture of the impact of austerity policy on the lives of people with learning disabilities (LD) and the collateral effects on the people who support them. Our review suggests that in the current climate of economic austerity, available funding to support people with LD is no longer aligned to their care needs. Cuts in disability services have adversely affected the well-being both of people with LD and their informal carers. Individuals with LD have lost social support and are experiencing increased social isolation. Heightened demands on family carers’ time have negatively influenced their wider roles, including parental functioning, and labour market participation. Our review provides the foundations for further discourse and research on the effects of austerity on people with LD and their family carers. 相似文献
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Social Indicators Research - Over the last decade, a great deal of attention has been paid worldwide to gender discrimination in social institutions. In this paper, we look at the role of formal... 相似文献
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Amanda Sheffield Morris Jennifer S. Silk Laurence Steinberg Sonya S. Myers Lara Rachel Robinson 《Social Development》2007,16(2):361-388
This article reviews current literature examining associations between components of the family context and children and adolescents' emotion regulation (ER). The review is organized around a tripartite model of familial influence. Firstly, it is posited that children learn about ER through observational learning, modeling and social referencing. Secondly, parenting practices specifically related to emotion and emotion management affect ER. Thirdly, ER is affected by the emotional climate of the family via parenting style, the attachment relationship, family expressiveness and the marital relationship. The review ends with discussions regarding the ways in which child characteristics such as negative emotionality and gender affect ER, how socialization practices change as children develop into adolescents, and how parent characteristics such as mental health affect the socialization of ER. 相似文献
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We provide an economic interpretation of the practice consisting in incorporating risk measures as constraints in an expected
prospect maximization problem. For what we call the infimum of expectations class of risk measures, we show that if the decision
maker (DM) maximizes the expectation of a random prospect under constraint that the risk measure is bounded above, he then
behaves as a “generalized expected utility maximizer” in the following sense. The DM exhibits ambiguity with respect to a
family of utility functions defined on a larger set of decisions than the original one; he adopts pessimism and performs first
a minimization of expected utility over this family, then performs a maximization over a new decisions set. This economic
behaviour is called “maxmin under risk” and studied by Maccheroni (Econ Theory 19:823–831, 2002). As an application, we make the link between an expected prospect maximization problem, subject to conditional value-at-risk
being less than a threshold value, and a non-expected utility economic formulation involving “loss aversion”-type utility
functions. 相似文献
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