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101.
Torsten Persson Guido Tabellini Francesco Trebbi 《Journal of the European Economic Association》2003,1(4):958-989
Is corruption systematically related to electoral rules? Recent theoretical work suggests a positive answer. But little is known about the data. We try to address this lacuna by relating corruption to different features of the electoral system in a sample of about eighty democracies in the 1990s. We exploit the cross‐country variation in the data, as well as the time variation arising from recent episodes of electoral reform. The evidence is consistent with the theoretical priors. Larger voting districts—and thus lower barriers to entry—are associated with less corruption, whereas larger shares of candidates elected from party lists—and thus less individual accountability—are associated with more corruption. Individual accountability appears to be most strongly tied to personal ballots in plurality‐rule elections, even though open party lists also seem to have some effect. Because different aspects roughly offset each other, a switch from strictly proportional to strictly majoritarian elections only has a small negative effect on corruption. (JEL: E62, H3) 相似文献
102.
103.
Francesco C. Billari 《Population studies》2015,69(1):S11-S20
Demographers study population change across time and place, and traditionally they place a strong emphasis on a long-range view of population change. This paper builds on current reflections on how to structure the study of population change and proposes a two-stage perspective. The first stage, discovery, focuses on the production of novel evidence at the population level. The second stage, explanation, develops accounts of demographic change and tests how the action and interaction of individuals generate what is discovered in the first stage. This explanatory stage also provides the foundation for the prediction of demographic change. The transformation of micro-level actions and interactions into macro-level population outcomes is identified as a key challenge for the second stage. Specific instances of research are discussed. 相似文献
104.
Francesco C. Billari 《Journal of Population Research》2001,18(2):119-142
The quantitative analysis of life courses has to deal with a complex pattern of interrelated events and trajectories. Such
a complex pattern needs complex measurement tools, even if only to describe the experience of cohorts. This paper addresses
the methodological issue of describing the transition to adulthood from a life course perspective, following an event-based
definition. New proposals are developed and traditional approaches are discussed, using Italy as an example. A generalization
of survivor functions for the analysis of the temporal relationships between two events is introduced and applied. The paper
then deals with the problem of describing the process of transition to adulthood as a whole, making use of the sequence analysis
approach with special emphasis on the empirical analyses of the ‘standardization vs individualization’ hypotheses. 相似文献
105.
This study was conducted when Slovenia was still harmonising its environmental legislation with the acquis communautaire; a process that today has been fully completed. Moreover, Slovenian state intervention in favour of rural development aims
to stimulate both the conservation of natural resources and the growth of the primary sector. In this paper we suggest that
these issues could be addressed through the application of multivariate statistics and multicriteria decision methods. By
using these methods it would be possible to achieve a better understanding of the importance of territorial structure and
socioeconomic characteristics. Our aim is to identify institutional agricultural measures that are able to protect the environment. 相似文献
106.
Silvano?BordignonEmail author Carlo?Gaetan Francesco?Lisi 《Statistical Methods and Applications》2002,11(2):227-245
One of the main concerns in air pollution is excessive tropospheric ozone concentration. The aim of this work is to develop
statistical models giving shortterm forecasts of future ground-level ozone concentrations. Since there are few physical insights
about the dynamic relationship between ozone, precursor emissions and/or meteorological factors, a nonparametric and nonlinear
approach seems promising in order to specify the forecast models. First, we apply four nonparametric procedures to forecast
daily maximum 1-hour and maximum 8-hour averages of ozone concentrations in an urban area. Then, in order to improve the forecast
performances, we combine the time series of the forecasts. This idea seems to give encouraging results.
This work was supported by a MURST grant. The authors would like to thank two anonymous referees for their helpful comments. 相似文献
107.
Francesco Alicino 《Transition Studies Review》2011,18(2):430-444
In the last decade, under the pressing processes of immigration and globalisation, many Western constitutional democracies
have moved from a number of religions sharing a common culture to today’s age of diversity. What current democracies are facing
is the lack of overlapping consensus over basic constitutional “values”. The nature, scope and force of such values are likely
to be affected by competing and, sometimes, contested fundamental reasons and worldviews. From here stems the dilemma between
“unity” and “diversity”. This essay starts with a broad consideration on the principle of religious freedom, strictly related to
the separation as well as collaboration between secular States and Churches; then the author analyses two case-studies (France and Canada), pointing out some specific
legal approaches. In particular he focuses the analyses over the French “droit commun” and the Canadian arbitral tribunals
that, especially in family law, allow disputes to be arbitrated using religious jurisdictions. 相似文献
108.
We complement the work of Cerioli, Riani, Atkinson and Corbellini by discussing monitoring in the context of robust clustering. This implies extending the approach to clustering, and possibly monitoring more than one parameter simultaneously. The cases of trimming and snipping are discussed separately, and special attention is given to recently proposed methods like double clustering, reweighting in robust clustering, and fuzzy regression clustering. 相似文献
109.
Francesco Ceresia 《Journal of Engineering and Technology Management》2011,28(1-2):49-76
The purpose of the present work is to build a suitable system dynamics model for goal dynamics in organizations, as proposed by Barlas and Yasarcan (2008). The proposed model does not bear any ambition of being exhaustive: the main objective of this paper is to propose a model of goal dynamics in which Goal Setting, Management by Objectives and Training are viewed as human resource practices able to enhance workers’ goal commitment, and therefore, improve organizational performance. In the first part of this paper, an analysis of the Goal Setting Theory and the role of goal setting practices, in bettering worker's performance, are stressed. In the second part, a case-study, the causal loop and a quantitative model of goal dynamics in organizations are described. In the third part, behaviour reproduction testing, optimization analysis for parameter estimation and scenario analysis are presented. Limitations of the present research and conclusions are finally discussed. 相似文献
110.
This article shows entropic tilting to be a flexible and powerful tool for combining medium-term forecasts from BVARs with short-term forecasts from other sources (nowcasts from either surveys or other models). Tilting systematically improves the accuracy of both point and density forecasts, and tilting the BVAR forecasts based on nowcast means and variances yields slightly greater gains in density accuracy than does just tilting based on the nowcast means. Hence, entropic tilting can offer—more so for persistent variables than not-persistent variables—some benefits for accurately estimating the uncertainty of multi-step forecasts that incorporate nowcast information. 相似文献