我国环境影响评价公众参与制度中若干问题之评析

环境影响评价是预防环境污染和生态破坏的重要法律制度,公众参与是国内外环境保护领域的一项基本法律原则,对于环境影响评价制度的有效推行以及公共环境纠纷的防范具有重要意义。我国现有立法难以有效保障公众对环境影响评价的参与权的实现。因此,需要进一步明确参与环境影响评价的公众的范围和类型,扩大公众参与环境影响评价的范围,完善公众参与环境影响评价的方式,提高公众参与环境影响评价的效力。     

论文学文本的构成特性

在文学文本的构成问题上,一直存在着"要素论"和"层次论"的分歧和争论.综合古今中外有关观点.文学文本应是一个多层面有机构成的整体,这些层面可进一步归纳为言、象、意三个大的层次,这三个层次各有其相对独立的价值,又因其内在关联而联结成一个统一整体,共同担负和体现着文本结构的意指功能与审美功能相统一的整体性功能.文学文本结构的这种整体性功能也决定了它的非自足性和全面开放性,它的产生和存在有赖于作者的创造,它的实现和完成以及在历史中的发展变化也有待于读者的阅读和接受.     

他让西荒变了样

人们还未曾忘记,二十多年前西荒村老百姓常说的一句话,“咱村的名字取得不好,西荒、西荒,年年精光。”可有一个人偏不信邪,他要让西荒变个样。这个人就是张智源。如今,西荒村真的变了,变得让人刮目相看。     

Maternity and child health care in urban China

In China the effort to develop maternal and child health (MCH) care has been ongoing. Initially, attention was directed primarily to promulgating a modern method of delivery in an effort neonatal tetanus and puerperal fever. The next stage was the systematic management of MCH care. Pregnant women and puerperants were given a series of checkups and guidance from conception until the 42nd day after delivery. The purpose was to prevent and treat complications. In some cities, perinatal care has developed to the point of health care management of the health of both mother and child. This extensive health care system includes preconception and pregnancy care, puerperant care, and neonatal care. Premarital checks have become the rule in the urban areas. MCH care organizations at the grassroots level and community health workers take responsibility for advising newly married couples about health care. In addition, some medical colleges and their affiliated hospitals provide consultation services for these couples. The Shanghai Railway Medical College uses a computer to make projections on multigenic genetic diseases. It provides information on incidence risk of the next generation to help couples make their childbearing decisions. The majority of pregnant women get their 1st prenatal check prior to the 12th week of pregnancy, followed by 9 re-examinations to screen out high risk factors. Difficult labor, infections, obstetric trauma, postpartum hemorrhage, and fetal distress are prevented at childbirth. Newborns are scored with Apgar comments; those with low marks are specially protected. In some cities, an investigation system has been established to deal with perinatal deaths. Perinatal care is managed at 3 levels: community MCH centers and MCH departments of hospitals, clinics, and industrial enterprises form the 1st level of care; MCH centers of city districts and hospitals at the district level make up the 2nd level of care; and MCH institutes or hospitals at provincial or city levels, hospitals attached to medical colleges, and hospitals under government ministries form the 3rd level of care.     

青海话中的词缀"头"

青海话中的词缀“头”除了有与汉语普通话词缀“头”相同的特点外,还能够放在动词词根和形容词词根语素的后面,构成一个新的名词,表示某事是否值得做或必要性的主观评价,也可以指对象或状态;这种方式构成的名词是一个开放的系统,只存在于具体语境之中。文章还进一步探讨了这种用法的起源,并与其它方言中的词缀“头”作了对比分析。     

汉英双语幼儿早期多语码词汇发展个案研究

儿童早期词汇的获得和发展对儿童具有重要意义,研究儿童词汇量增长是早期语言发展研究的一个重要方面。本文追踪了一名汉英双语多语码儿童出生后到两岁之间的普通话、粤语和英语的早期词汇获得,从最初词汇、五十个词的里程碑、词汇爆发和非常规意义匹配四个方面进行研究,结果发现该名儿童的普通话词汇发展与汉语儿童的相似,且词汇语义快速发展的标志为泛化现象明显增加,与情感因素挂钩;粤语和英语词汇发展缓慢,有日趋停止的可能。     

从和平到和谐:中国外交理念的历史性飞跃

建国以来,我国的外交理念经历了从和平到和谐的飞跃。从建国后到20世纪90年代初的"独立自主、不结盟"、"和平共处、不称霸"、"建立国际新秩序",到90年代中期以来过渡到和谐,实现了质的飞跃。和谐理念是对和平理念的继承和深化,体现了中国外交的成熟与自信,是我国应对国际各种怀疑甚至敌对思潮的回应。     

印度民族问题与民族整合的厘定

印度作为一个多民族国家要实现真正的崛起,必须理性地对待本国的民族与民族问题.印度的特殊国情在民族和民族问题方面表现为特殊性和复杂性的特点,而印度现行的民族理论和民族政策则存在着明显的局限性.民族整合应成为印度正确处理民族问题的理性选择.     

略论近代中国民族意识的觉醒与嬗变

近代中国,随着亡国灭种危机的不断加深,在国内外的多重压力之下,为谋自救而觉醒的民族意识迅速成为最有效的社会动员资源.近代民族意识的产生与发展不可能完全脱离传统民族意识和观念的影响,二者往往内在关联、颉颃消长、交织重叠在一起,决定了近代中国民族意识的多样性与复杂性.中国近代的不同精英个体及社会群体对中国传统民族意识有着不同汲取,从而对民族意识有着不同的认知及表达.他们的内在体认和外在表征勾勒出民族意识在近代中国的嬗变轨迹.中国近代民族意识旨归于孙中山之"三民主义",是历史发展的必然选择.