球虫病及药物对雏鸡LPO含量和SOD、GSH-Px活性水平的影响

15日龄雏鸡试验感染Eimeriatenella后的第 9d ,按抗球虫药物疗效评定方法确定盲肠病变值并同时测定盲肠、肝、脾和肾脏的LPO含量和SOD、GSH -Px活性水平。结果显示 :球虫感染及感染用药鸡的盲肠出现不同程度的病理损伤 ,盲肠组织LPO含量极显著 (P <0 .0 1)高于健康对照鸡 ,而SOD和GSH -Px活性下降或极显著 (P <0 .0 1)低于健康鸡 ,可见盲肠病变值与LPO含量增高及SOD、GSH -Px活性降低呈正相关 ;感染鸡肝、肾的LPO含量低于或极显著 (P <0 .0 1)低于健康鸡 ,但脾脏则极显著 (P <0 .0 1)高于健康鸡。此外 ,球虫感染鸡与健康鸡相比 ,肝、脾和肾脏的SOD活性显著 (P <0 .0 5)或极显著 (P <0 .0 1)高 ;　脾、肾的GSH -Px活性显著 (P <0 .0 5)或极显著 (P <0 .0 1)高 ,而肝脏则显著 (P <0 .0 5)或极显著 (P <0 .0 1)的低。     

清末立宪运动中的两院制问题

国会两院制在20世纪初以前的宪法实践中居于主流地位，具体可分为贵族式、联邦式及民选式三种类型。其主要功能在于代表社会中的特殊团体，促进议事审慎，限制民选议院专断。清末各政治势力均偏好两院制。清末未成立的正式议会确定将采用两院制，而预备立宪阶段成立的资政院在经过官制改革、都察院改下议院等阶段后，最终被界定为准贵族式两院制。资政院的议员构成既有模仿日本之处，亦体现了清末中国独特的民族问题。最终，由于落实两院制不彻底，资政院未能发挥两院制功能，清王朝灭亡前后将未来的正式议会改为民选式两院制。     

番鸭实验性感染Eimeria aythyae后血清抗体的变化规律

用Eimeria aythyae孢子化卵囊人工感染番鸭后,每日从鸭的枕静脉窦采血,用间接ELISA检测血清抗体(IgM,IgG和Igs)。结果是:血清抗体曲线变化不呈直线上升变化,而是出现一种渐进性起伏式的升降:IgM有4个波峰,感染后第6d出现第1个波峰,第9d出现第2个波峰,第11d和13d又分别出现峰值;IgG也有4次升降变化,感染后第7d出现第一个波峰,第10—12d出现一个平台式升高后,第13d达峰值;Igs分别于第6d和第8d出现相同的波峰,之后的变化基本同IgG。血清抗体达峰值后,开始下降,皆在第17d跌至波谷。此外,本文报道的枕静脉窦采血法,适用于鸭的连续采血。     

老舍作品中的性状类北京方言词语

以250万字的老舍中文小说语言语料库为依据,对老舍中文小说中收录的性状类北京方言词语进行研究。通过严格筛选,共收集到313个性状类北京方言词语;其中表性质者79个,表状态者151个,表情状者61个,表数量者17个,表感叹者5个。又将这五大类性状类词语细分为14小类,并进行细致描写。     

Should responder analyses be conducted on continuous outcomes?

Continuous outcomes are often dichotomized to classify trial subjects as responders or nonresponders, with the difference in rates of response between treatment and control defined as the “responder effect.” In this article, we caution that dichotomization of continuous interval outcomes may not be best practice. Defining clinical benefit or harm for continuous interval outcomes as the difference between the means of treatment and control, that is, the “continuous treatment effect,” we examine the case where treatment and control outcomes are normally distributed and differ only in location. For this case, continuous treatment effects may be considered clinically relevant if they exceed a prespecified minimum clinically important difference. In contrast, using minimum clinically important differences as dichotomization thresholds will not ensure clinically relevant responder effects. For example, in some situations, increasing the threshold may actually relax the criterion for effectiveness by increasing the calculated responder effect. Using responder effects to quantitatively assess benefit or risk of investigational drugs for continuous interval outcomes presents interpretational challenges. In particular, when the dichotomization threshold is halfway between the treatment and control outcome means, the responder effect is at a maximum with a magnitude monotonically related to the number of standard deviations between the mean outcomes of treatment and control. Large responder effect benefits may therefore reflect clinically unimportant continuous treatment effects amplified by small standard deviations, and small responder effect risks may reflect either clinically important continuous treatment effects minimized by large standard deviations, or selection of a dichotomization threshold not providing maximum responder effect.     

猪场新生仔猪黄痢的病原分离及药敏试验

从重庆市几个规模化猪场的发病仔猪中采集病料,分离培养的病原菌,在麦康凯培养基上菌落呈红色,革兰氏染色为G-菌,生化试验结果显示对葡萄糖、乳糖、麦芽糖产酸产气,不分解尿素,不产生硫化氢,表明所分离菌为大肠杆菌。用分离菌对头孢唑啉等29种药物进行药敏试验,所分离的大肠杆菌对头孢类药物、氧氟沙星、氨苄西啉等药物高度敏感,而对链霉素、替硝唑产生耐药性。但从不同场分离到的菌株对药物的敏感性不一致。