Young Children's Psychological Selves: Convergence with Maternal Reports of Child Personality

The present research examined five‐year‐old children's psychological self‐concepts. Non‐linear factor analysis was used to model the latent structure of the children's self‐view questionnaire (CSVQ; Eder, 1990 ), a measure of children's self‐concepts. The coherence and reliability of the emerging factor structure indicated that young children are capable of meaningfully reporting about their own emotions and personalities. Moreover, these self‐reports from five‐year‐olds converged with maternal perceptions of child personality. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for the study of emergent personality, continuity/discontinuity in personality assessment across the lifespan, and self‐concept formation in early childhood.     

Retired Tibetan migrants’ adaptation experiences in Chengdu,China

Diverse types of mobility have emerged in contemporary China, among which consumption-led ethnic retired migrants have received little academic attention. This study addresses the seasonal mobility of retired Tibetan migrants who previously had careers in governmental and public sectors in Tibet. After retirement, they purchase second-home apartments in Chengdu for health and leisure reasons. Through semistructured interviews, nonparticipant observation, and the application of Schnell’s multidimensional model, this article analyzes the migration and adaptation experiences of retired Tibetan migrants in Chengdu. It is revealed that, physically, they reside in mixed communities and share activity spaces with the local people, and, socially, maintain their life-long social relationships and form new local relationships. They feel satisfied and comfortable in their new situation, maintain their primary identity as Tibetan, and gradually establish a sense of home in Chengdu. Their political privilege and governmental support in the destination also contribute to their positive migration and adaptation experiences.     

An economic anatomy of culture: Attitudes and behaviour in inter- and intra-national ultimatum game experiments

We examine bargaining behaviour in experimental ultimatum games with Malaysian and UK subjects. Significant differences in offer levels between the two national groups are explained with reference to differences in their responses to particular dimensions of the World Values Survey questionnaire. These attitudinal differences are interpreted as cultural difference between the subject groups that are responsible for their differential behaviour.     

Time‐Series Models for Border Inspection Data

We propose a new modeling approach for inspection data that provides a more useful interpretation of the patterns of detections of invasive pests, using cargo inspection as a motivating example. Methods that are currently in use generally classify shipments according to their likelihood of carrying biosecurity risk material, given available historical and contextual data. Ideally, decisions regarding which cargo containers to inspect should be made in real time, and the models used should be able to focus efforts when the risk is higher. In this study, we propose a dynamic approach that treats the data as a time series in order to detect periods of high risk. A regulatory organization will respond differently to evidence of systematic problems than evidence of random problems, so testing for serial correlation is of major interest. We compare three models that account for various degrees of serial dependence within the data. First is the independence model where the prediction of the arrival of a risky shipment is made solely on the basis of contextual information. We also consider a Markov chain that allows dependence between successive observations, and a hidden Markov model that allows further dependence on past data. The predictive performance of the models is then evaluated using ROC and leakage curves. We illustrate this methodology on two sets of real inspection data.     

Orthogonal blocking of response surface split-plot designs

When all experimental runs cannot be performed under homogeneous conditions, blocking can be used to increase the power for testing the treatment effects. Orthogonal blocking provides the same estimator of the polynomial effects as the one that would be obtained by ignoring the blocks. In many real-life design scenarios, there is at least one factor that is hard to change, leading to a split-plot structure. This paper shows that for a balanced ordinary least square–generalized least square equivalent split-plot design, orthogonal blocking can be achieved. Orthogonally blocked split-plot central composite designs are constructed and a catalog is provided.     

Variations in carbon dioxide fluxes within a city landscape: Identifying a vehicular influence

To date, studies examining carbon dioxide (CO₂) fluxes in urban areas have been limited compared to those in rural environments. The objectives of our study were to examine the relationship between traffic volume and CO₂ fluxes. We demonstrated that CO₂ fluxes were strongly linked with surrounding land use, specifically impervious surfaces and traffic volume. A site near downtown Syracuse in New York State (USA) had relatively constant positive fluxes (source: +39 μmol CO₂ m^?2 s^?1) throughout the year as a result of strong vehicular traffic influence from two nearby interstate highways. There was a strong positive relationship between traffic and CO₂ fluxes (r²?=?0.93, p?<?0.0001) with marked differences between the weekend days versus the workweek days. In contrast, a residential site in Syracuse was dominated by vegetative influences during the leaf-on period due to CO₂ uptake by photosynthesis, reaching a maximum negative mean diurnal flux of ?11 μmol CO₂ m^?2 s^?1 around midday (sink). The spatial variations of CO₂ fluxes identify the critical role played by local traffic volumes in affecting the CO₂ dynamics of urban environments. Understanding the dynamic fluxes of CO₂ in urban environments has important implications for local, regional and global evaluations of CO₂ budgets and inventories, and carbon cycle and climate modeling.     

还史以真 寓情于文——解读恰白·次旦平措学术思想中的文史双重追求

恰白·次旦平措是我国著名的藏族历史学家和文学家,他主持编写的<西藏通史>是解放后我国藏族学者用藏文编写的第一部西藏通史,为藏族历史的研究提供了重要的材料.文章通过恰白·次旦平措史学代表作<西藏通史>和部分文学作品的解读,阐述了他"还史以真,寓情于文"的双重学术追求思想.对恰白先生考证源流、辩章学术的史家风范与坚守传统诗学、注重发掘民间文化资源的文学观念进行了解读.从而彰显了治史与经文互为渗透的恰白学术思想.     

Gender differences in correlates of recent physical assault among untreated rural and urban at-risk drinkers: role of depression

This study examined gender-specific correlates of past 6-month physical assault victimization among 468 men and 229 women at-risk drinkers recruited from both urban and rural settings. Both alcohol dependence and depression were associated with physical assault, but there were differences for women and men in the pattern of significant correlates. Specifically, for women the presence of alcohol dependence, depression or their comorbidity all were associated with physical assault. For men, depression by itself was not associated with physical assault, but alcohol dependence and especially alcohol dependence comorbid with depression were significant predictors. Further, there were stronger relationships between demographics and physical assault for men. The results have implications regarding identification of risk factors for physical assault victimization among at-risk drinkers. Overall, the results of this study suggest that screening and prevention interventions for physical assault among at-risk drinkers should target both alcohol use disorders and depression.