艺术类研究生职业生涯教育现状调查及对策分析

通过对艺术类研究生职业生涯教育现状的调查与分析,结合艺术类研究生的特点,构建高校、社会、企业多层次的职业生涯教育体系,提高艺术类研究生职业生涯决策能力,丰富教育的内涵,整合校内外资源,开展精准化、分类化指导,充分发挥导师在艺术类研究生职业生涯教育中的作用,从而提高艺术类研究生的培养质量,提高核心竞争力。     

Therapy with male pathological gamblers: Between self help group and group therapy—Report of a developmental process

A therapy project was developed for pathological gambling patients and, within a three year period, more than 60 gamblers were studied and treated. Diagnostic evaluation was made according to DSM-III. In addition to individual and family therapy, we designed a voluntary group setting. In this report, we concentrate first on the development of group work, then on some psychodynamic hypotheses about the personality of the gambler. We also try to show the correspondence between these hypotheses and the group process. Pathological gambling is seen as an attempt at self-healing and a strategy of conflict-solving; the slot machine, as an inanimate object, offers a temporary symbiosis with clear limitations; the gambling will come to a guaranteed end, either when all of the money is lost, or when gaming ends at night. Finally, we list some recommendations for the treatment of gamblers in group therapy.This research was supported by the Ärztliche Psychologische Beratungsstelle für Studierende der Universität Göttingen, Chairman: Prof. E. Sperling, M.D.Since one author (J.H.) worked alone in the first period of the project, passages referring to this period are written in the first person singular.This article is an extension of the special issue on Gambling in Europe edited by Iver Hand, M.D.     

水域污染控制的微分博弈研究

排污权交易制度是一项行之有效的环境污染控制政策。文章运用微分博弈理论建立某水域两个企业水污染物排放控制的微分博弈模型,以两个企业的瞬时排污量为控制变量,以共同水域的污染物存量为状态变量,分析了独立决策和联合决策两种模式下的博弈策略。独立决策模式下两企业追求自身利益最大化,联合决策模式下追求总体利益最大化,运用动态最优化理论和方法,求出两种决策模式下的马尔科夫纳什均衡策略,并对结果进行比较分析。结果表明,两企业采取联合决策要比独立决策时能够实现更低的排污量、更低的污染物存量。     

电子新闻生产的速度准则及其伦理困境

对时效性的追求本是新闻的应有之意,然而在电子媒介的速度准则下,“极速”改变了社会时空的意义,使新闻生产呈现出新的特点。碎片化的生产方式导致了叙事的断裂和整体感的缺失,而网络新闻信息快速生产的方式则导致了海量信息和价值的流失。在此背景下,“反映真实”这一新闻的基本伦理面临挑战。在此种情形下,新闻工作者应该转换自己的工作思路,突出其作为信息解读者的功能,加强对信息的深度解读,扮演好社会批判者与信息解读者的角色。     

A Framework for Monte Carlo based Multiple Testing

We are concerned with a situation in which we would like to test multiple hypotheses with tests whose p‐values cannot be computed explicitly but can be approximated using Monte Carlo simulation. This scenario occurs widely in practice. We are interested in obtaining the same rejections and non‐rejections as the ones obtained if the p‐values for all hypotheses had been available. The present article introduces a framework for this scenario by providing a generic algorithm for a general multiple testing procedure. We establish conditions that guarantee that the rejections and non‐rejections obtained through Monte Carlo simulations are identical to the ones obtained with the p‐values. Our framework is applicable to a general class of step‐up and step‐down procedures, which includes many established multiple testing corrections such as the ones of Bonferroni, Holm, Sidak, Hochberg or Benjamini–Hochberg. Moreover, we show how to use our framework to improve algorithms available in the literature in such a way as to yield theoretical guarantees on their results. These modifications can easily be implemented in practice and lead to a particular way of reporting multiple testing results as three sets together with an error bound on their correctness, demonstrated exemplarily using a real biological dataset.     

Risk aversion over finite domains

We investigate risk attitudes when the underlying domain of payoffs is finite and the payoffs are, in general, not numerical. In such cases, the traditional notions of absolute risk attitudes, that are designed for convex domains of numerical payoffs, are not applicable. We introduce comparative notions of weak and strong risk attitudes that remain applicable. We examine how they are characterized within the rank-dependent utility model, thus including expected utility as a special case. In particular, we characterize strong comparative risk aversion under rank-dependent utility. This is our main result. From this and other findings, we draw two novel conclusions. First, under expected utility, weak and strong comparative risk aversion are characterized by the same condition over finite domains. By contrast, such is not the case under non-expected utility. Second, under expected utility, weak (respectively: strong) comparative risk aversion is characterized by the same condition when the utility functions have finite range and when they have convex range (alternatively, when the payoffs are numerical and their domain is finite or convex, respectively). By contrast, such is not the case under non-expected utility. Thus, considering comparative risk aversion over finite domains leads to a better understanding of the divide between expected and non-expected utility, more generally, the structural properties of the main models of decision-making under risk.

     

Schlägt Wissen Funken? Zu den Effekten des politischen Steuerungsinstruments Sparkling Science

Although knowledge is attributed a high societal value, its traditional ‘production’ in academia as well as its traditional ‘consumption’ in education have increasingly become problematic. Austrian politics have launched a rather unconventional political steering instrument to solve this problem: Sparkling Science. Based on the equal involvement of pupils and scientists in research projects, this program aims to create ‘sparks of enthusiasm’ as well as ‘sparks of innovation’ between academia and education. We inquire into the effects of this political steering instrument on the level of individual actors. Drawing on qualitative data from a case study, our analyses identify a structural composition that alters the two explicit objectives, which are: To increase pupil’s enthusiasm for science and to stimulate innovative research based on multiple perspectives.     

Some new constructions of strength 3 mixed orthogonal arrays

Orthogonal arrays of strength 3 permit estimation of all the main effects of the experimental factors free from confounding or contamination with 2-factor interactions. We introduce methods of using arithmetic formulations and Latin squares to construct mixed orthogonal arrays of strength 3. Although the methods could be well extended to computing larger arrays, we confine computing to at most 100 run orthogonal arrays for practical uses. We find new arrays with run sizes 80 and 96, each has many distinct factor levels.     

On Marx and Engels'' Bi-dimensional View on the Subjects of Human Rights

Marx and Engels' perspectives on the subjects of human rights are important in their critique of human rights of capitalism.Yet Marx and Engels' successful revealation of the essential nature of capitalism's human rights is on the basis of their discovery of the bi-dimension of human rights' subjects.The bi-dimension shows the logic of their thoughts and critique.