对“habitus”的理解及其汉文翻译

布尔迪厄力图超越社会科学研究的两大历史传统--主观(subjectivism)和客观(ob-jectivism)或者也可以称作是能动与结构--之间的对立.前者强调行动者的行动由自己的主观意志所决定;后者认为社会行动者的行为受制于社会规范,反映了社会结构.他提出了"惯习"(habitus)、"场域"(field)与"实践"(practice)等一组概念,以指出由于惯习的存在,个体的活动受制于社会结构,但又具有一定的能动性.     

Stochastic Analysis of Intermediate Lesions in Carcinogenesis Experiments

In many animal model systems for carcinogenesis, well characterized putative premalignant lesions are observed. A much studied example is provided by the enzyme altered foci in rodent hepatocarcinogenesis experiments. In a recent paper, we proposed a method for the quantitative analysis of such premalignant lesions. The model used in that paper assumed that the mean growth of premalignant clones is exponential. However, it has been suggested that such a model is oversimplified. In this paper, we relax the assumption of exponential mean growth. The new model contains one extra parameter that measures departures from exponentiality. Use of the model is illustrated by analysis of ATPase deficient foci in the liver of rats given NNM (N-nitrosomorpholine) in their drinking water. The analysis suggests that the clonal growth of altered cells is significantly accelerated (superexponential) for nontoxic doses of NNM. Finally, the hazard function of the two-mutation model for carcinogenesis is briefly discussed under nonexponential (mean) growth of intermediate cells.     

Quality of Life in Older Adults: Benefits from Caring Services in Hong Kong

Many older adults are in need of care. Therefore, older people would generally benefit from the use of caring services, notably including home care, residential care, nursing, and medical services. The contributory factors underlying caring services tend to be a caring perspective that aspires to sustain older people’s social relationships and real-life involvement. To gauge the benefits from various social and health services, the present study relies on a large-scale survey of 3000 older adults in Hong Kong, using quality of life as a criterion. Results showed that an older adult who had used (ordinary or enhanced) home care services for a longer time turned out to have appreciably more improvement in quality of life. Besides, those who joined an interest group more frequently were higher in quality of life, including the health domain. On the other hand, frequent use of medical and meal-to-home services were signals that reflected problems detrimental to the older user’s quality of life. Despite this, the quality of clinics or hospitals, as perceived by the older adult, was the most beneficial. As such, caring services that foster older adults’ interests, cater to their health care needs, and embody quality can have principal contribution to their users’ quality of life.     

民间信贷成因及政策研究

资金供求缺口催生了民间信贷。民贷具有潜在的制度变迁效应,也蕴涵着较大的金融风险。本文在分析民贷成因及影响基础上,针对金融表象问题和深层次体制的矛盾,提出了采取“堵”、“疏”结合的方法,诱导地下金融浮出“地面”,建立民营化金融机构的对策建议。     

Prediction of vocational outcome of people with brain injury after rehabilitation: a discriminant analysis

Due to advancements in emergency evacuation procedures and neurosurgical techniques, more patients with brain injury (BI) can survive cerebral injury and regain a satisfactory degree of recovery through rehabilitation. Their improvement in physical and cognitive functions can facilitate their reintegration into the community, especially their return to work (RTW). Different factors were reported to affect this rate of RTW in previous studies. This retrospective study thus aimed to investigate the role of demographic data, the severity of injury, residual physical deficits, activities of daily living, and cognitive function using a stepwise discriminant function analysis (DFA). Data sets for 79 persons with BI were retrieved so as to identify predictors of their vocational outcomes upon discharge and during a follow-up period. The stepwise DFA revealed that the discharge score on the Disability Rating Scale (DRS), the attention-subtest of the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination (NCSE) or Cognistat, and pre-morbid occupation were significant predictors that correctly classified 65.8% of the subjects.     

康德崇高论的审美特性

继朗吉弩斯之后,康德在《判断力批判》中对"崇高"这一美学范畴进行了系统而完善的论述.在康德看来,崇高建立在对象的无形式之中,其审美主体最终指向心灵,并且它在获得"美"的愉悦之前会经历痛感.从审美对象、审美主体、审美过程三个视角对康德崇高论的审美特性进行解读.