人类环境困境的哲学思考

环境问题的主要矛盾是人类欲望的无限膨胀与自然资源的有限.这种矛盾具体表现为在市场经济的条件下由于竞争而产生的对自然资源的无序掠夺.用停止发展的方法和用禁欲主义的道德教化都不能解决环境问题,单纯用科学技术的方法也不能解决环境问题.解决环境问题的关键是要改变人类社会中人与人的生存竞争方式,发展人与人相互协作的和谐关系,实行有计划的社会生产,对自然资源实行有计划的分配,改变现有以物质财富的积累为目的的社会发展模式,加强自然科学与社会科学的合作.     

加强实践教学环节 提高人才培养质量——北京林业大学生物学基地教学改革与实践

实践教学是培养学生创新意识、创业精神和科学实践能力的重要环节。该文介绍了北京林业大学理科(生物学)基地建设以来在加强实践教学条件建设,深化实践教学改革,完善实践教学体系,着力培养高素质本科人才等方面的思路与做法,为基地和其他专业的建设提供了借鉴。     

对中国行政法的反思:一个香港的视角

中国的现代行政法与中国古代法律传统没有多大的延续性。相比较而言,英国行政法有着其引以为荣的绵延数世纪的历史,其重心在于对行政行为的司法审查。中国行政法的结构与英国行政法的结构截然不同。在中国的行政诉讼制度中,就司法审查的范围而言:首先,抽象行政行为不受司法审查;其次,内部行政行为不受司法审查;再者,《行政诉讼法》只授权对某些类型的具体行政行为案件进行司法审查。就行政行为的审查理由或标准而言,中国法律的有关规定要比英国或香港的较为有限。但就一方面而言,中国法律提供的审查空间和力度似乎比英国或香港更为宽泛,这便是对行政行为的事实依据的审查。     

用科学发展观指导高校教育改革的实践

该文阐述了科学发展观的内涵,即全面发展、协调发展和可持续发展,并阐述了如何利用科学发展观指导高等学校的发展和教育教学改革,即以人为本、结构优化、统筹发展,提高教学质量,全面实现教学的协调发展。     

Business visits,knowledge diffusion and productivity

We investigate whether labor mobility can be a distinct source of growth by studying the productivity impact of business visits (BVs), vis-à-vis that of other well-known drivers of productivity enhancement. Our analysis uses an unbalanced panel—covering on average 16 sectors per year in ten countries during the period 1998–2011—which combines unique and novel data on BVs sourced from the US National Business Travel Association with Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) data on R&D and capital formation. We find that mobility through BVs is an effective mechanism to improve productivity, being about half that obtained by investing in R&D. This relevant finding invites viewing short-term mobility as a strategic mechanism and prospective policy tool to overcome productivity slowdowns and foster economic growth.     

Effects of child support and welfare policies on nonmarital teenage childbearing and motherhood

This paper is an assessment of the impact of child support enforcement and welfare policies on nonmarital teenage childbearing and motherhood. We derive four hypotheses about the effects of policies on nonmarital teenage childbearing and motherhood. We propose that teenage motherhood and school enrollment are joint decisions for teenage girls. Based on individual trajectories during ages 12–19, our analysis uses an event history model for nonmarital teenage childbearing and a dynamic model of motherhood that is jointly determined with school enrollment. We find some evidence that child support policies indirectly reduce teen motherhood by increasing the probability of school enrollment, which, in turn, reduces the probability of teen motherhood. This finding suggests that welfare offices may wish to place greater weight on outreach programs that inform more teenagers of the existence of strong child support enforcement measures. Such programs might reduce nonmarital teen motherhood further and thus reduce the need for welfare support and child support enforcement in the long run.

Measurement of non-randomness in spatial distributions

Summary The measurement of departure from randomness in spatial distributions has widespread application in ecological work. Several “indices of non-randomness” are compared with regard to their dependence on sample number, sample size and density. Criteria for the best choice of index for specific situations are discussed. A new coefficientC _x is proposed for use with positively contagious distributions and tests of significance are given. WhenC _x and another index (S ²/m−1) are used for positive and negative contagion respectively, values ranging from −1 through 0 (random) to +1 are obtained, regardless of sample number, sample size or density.     

绿色管理——企业可持续发展的必然选择

保护生态环境,实现可持续发展是企业在21世纪必须面对的发展战略问题.随着环境污染的日益严重和人们环保意识的不断提高,传统企业管理方式已无法适应人类社会发展的需要.一种新型管理方式——绿色管理应运而生.该文通过对绿色管理的概念、绿色管理产生与发展过程的阐述,揭示了绿色管理是企业可持续发展的必然选择.     

近600年来我国的旱灾与瘟疫

根据有关历史文献、气象资料、报表和地方志的统计结果 ,15— 19世纪 ,全国共发生旱灾 15次 ,总历时 4 9年 ,其中 14次有瘟疫伴生。北方旱灾 14次 ,13次有瘟疫伴生 ;南方旱灾 7次 ,均有瘟疫伴生 ,有 6次南北同旱。 2 0世纪 ,全国共发生旱灾 18次 ,其中 ,北方旱灾 17次 ,两次有瘟疫伴生 ;南方旱灾 11次 ,1次有瘟疫伴生。 2 0世纪的灾害发生率是前 5 0 0年的 6倍。该文指出 ,这是由于在全球工业化过程中 ,不断增加的温室气体产生了温室效应 ,使气候变暖、降水减少、持续冬暖所致。因此 ,该文建议加快实施西部开发 ,治理环境 ,实施节水、调水工程 ,提高防灾抗灾能力 ,以缓解南北旱灾和瘟疫的发生     

对西部林业生态环境建设资源配置方式的探讨

资源配置的方式是西部林业生态环境建设的重要问题 ,它决定着资源的合理利用和效益大小 ,也影响着我国西部地区经济发展的进程。该文探讨了在西部大开发的背景下 ,在林业实施跨越式发展的形势所需下 ,西部所进行的林业生态环境建设 ,如何进行资源配置方式的选择。在分析了关于计划和市场两种资源配置方式的观点后 ,认为根据西部目前的现实状况 ,西部林业生态环境建设应实行计划和市场相结合的资源配置方式