战后日本学术界近代中国东北史研究述评

日本学界在战前就十分关注对中国东北地区的研究，战后则经过五十至七十年代的复苏休整，八、九十年代以来形成近代东北史研究的繁荣局面，在各种新的理论方法的影响下，取得了令人瞩目的成就，其经验与教训值得我国学者学习与借鉴。     

试论“摸起来”与“摸上去”

感官动词"摸"所构成的动补结构"摸起来"、"摸上去",二者在语义、句法、语用、单位性质等方面存在着异同。两者在语法单位性质上根据二者语义的不同可视为短语或正向词过渡的短语。     

The Protective Impact of a Covariate on Competing Failures with an Example from a Bone Marrow Transplantation Study

Starting from an applied Bone Marrow Transplantation(BMT) study, the problem of “unexpected protectivity” in competing risks models is introduced, which occurs when one covariate shows a protective impact not expected from a medical perspective. Current explanations found in the statistical literature suggest that unexpected protectivity might be due to the lack of independence between the competing failures. Actually, in the presence of dependence, the Kaplan-Meier curves are not interpretable. Conversely, the cumulative incidence curves remain interpretable, and therefore seem to be a candidate for solving the problem. We discuss the particular nature of dependence in a competing risks framework and illustrate how this dependence may be created via a common frailty factor. A Monte Carlo experiment is set up which accounts also for the association between the observable covariates and the frailty factor. The aim of the experiment is to understand whether and how the bias showed by the estimates could be related to the omitted frailty variable. The results show that dependence alone does not cause false protectivity, and that the cumulative incidence curves suffer the same bias as the survival curves and therefore do not seem to be a solution to false protectivity. Conversely, false protectivity may occur according to the magnitude and the sign of the dependence between the frailty factor and the covariate. The paper ends with some suggestions for empirical research. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

论我国土地宏观调控

土地宏观调控是政府以土地作为手段调控宏观经济运行的政策和措施的综合。我国已将土地宏观调控作为宏观经济调控的重要手段之一。分析了我国实行土地宏观调控的主要动因,论述了我国土地宏观调控的主要内容,提出了提高土地宏观调控政策效果的措施。     

特种Nafion溶液制备及其在PEMFC中的应用研究

Nafion溶液在燃料电池、电极修饰、电化学分析、电化学催化等领域具有广泛用途。采用特种高沸点溶剂,获得了溶铸性能优良Nafion的溶液。比较溶铸Nafion膜与原始Nafion膜的IR光谱可以看出,Nafion溶液制备方法未对Nafion膜的化学组成与分子结构产生影响,但溶铸膜的分子排列更加规整有序。将该溶液在PEMFC中应用,其性能优于目前的商品水-醇体系Nafion溶液。     

大山子艺术区的LOFT文化现象

LOFT原指阁楼、顶层楼,现在借指由废弃厂房改造而成的艺术家工作室。通过扼要介绍LOFT的概念、LOFT文化的发展,并以北京大山子艺术区的形成发展为例,着重分析了在个案改造中艺术家充分运用先锋时尚的艺术手段创造出特有的空间形象及文化品质过程,希望为LOFT文化的发展提供借鉴。     

嘉陵江洪化元年洪水问题

在四川长江干流及其支流嘉陵江流域曾发现多处“洪化元年洪水”岩刻，有学者据此认定该年嘉陵江流域发生过特大洪水。此文以为，洪化元年应为1679年，即康熙十八年，该年嘉陵江流域没有发生过特大洪水。     

创业投资的治理作用：基于代理成本视角的实证分析

选取2004年至2012年中国沪、深两市首次公开发行上市的1 216家公司作为研究对象,采用相关分析、多元回归分析和工具变量等多种统计分析方法,从代理成本视角探讨创业投资对中国上市公司的治理作用。从总体上检验创业投资参与对中国上市公司代理成本的影响,进一步检验创业投资的参与程度和背景特征是否影响其治理作用的发挥。研究结果表明,有创业投资机构参与的上市公司,其代理成本显著低于无创业投资机构参与的上市公司;创业投资的参与程度越深,即创业投资机构家数越多、持股比例越高、投资期限越长,上市公司的代理成本就越低;与本土背景的创业投资机构相比,外资背景的创业投资机构更能降低上市公司的代理成本。研究结论对上市公司、创业投资机构和政策制定者具有重要借鉴意义和参考价值。     

The Effect of Gender Context on Children's Social Behavior in a Limited Resource Situation: An Observational Study

Knowing when to compete and when to cooperate to maximize opportunities for equal access to activities and materials in groups is critical to children's social and cognitive development. The present study examined the individual (gender, social competence) and contextual factors (gender context) that may determine why some children are more successful than others. One hundred and fifty‐six children (M age=6.5 years) were divided into 39 groups of four and videotaped while engaged in a task that required them to cooperate in order to view cartoons. Children within all groups were unfamiliar to one another. Groups varied in gender composition (all girls, all boys, or mixed‐sex) and social competence (high vs. low). Group composition by gender interaction effects were found. Girls were most successful at gaining viewing time in same‐sex groups, and least successful in mixed‐sex groups. Conversely, boys were least successful in same‐sex groups and most successful in mixed‐sex groups. Similar results were also found at the group level of analysis; however, the way in which the resources were distributed differed as a function of group type. Same‐sex girl groups were inequitable but efficient whereas same‐sex boy groups were more equitable than mixed groups but inefficient compared to same‐sex girl groups. Social competence did not influence children's behavior. The findings from the present study highlight the effect of gender context on cooperation and competition and the relevance of adopting an unfamiliar peer paradigm when investigating children's social behavior.