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71.
Baojiang Chen Grace Y. YiRichard J. Cook 《Journal of statistical planning and inference》2011,141(1):80-93
Progressive multi-state models provide a convenient framework for characterizing chronic disease processes where the states represent the degree of damage resulting from the disease. Incomplete data often arise in studies of such processes, and standard methods of analysis can lead to biased parameter estimates when observation of data is response-dependent. This paper describes a joint analysis useful for fitting progressive multi-state models to data arising in longitudinal studies in such settings. Likelihood based methods are described and parameters are shown to be identifiable. An EM algorithm is described for parameter estimation, and variance estimation is carried out using the Louis’ method. Simulation studies demonstrate that the proposed method works well in practice under a variety of settings. An application to data from a smoking prevention study illustrates the utility of the method. 相似文献
72.
Hazel Keedle Virginia Schmied Elaine Burns Hannah Grace Dahlen 《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2018,31(1):69-79
Background
Vaginal birth after caesarean can be a safe and satisfying option for many women who have had a previous caesarean, yet rates of vaginal birth after caesarean remain low in the majority of countries. Exploring women’s experiences of vaginal birth after caesarean can improve health practitioners’ understanding of the factors that facilitate or hinder women in the journey to have a vaginal birth after caesarean.Methods
This paper reports on a meta-ethnographic review of 20 research papers exploring women’s experience of vaginal birth after caesarean in a variety of birth locations. Meta-ethnography utilises a seven-stage process to synthesise qualitative research.Results
The overarching theme was ‘the journey from pain to power’. The theme ‘the hurt me’ describes the previous caesarean experience and resulting feelings. Women experience a journey of ‘peaks and troughs’ moving from their previous caesarean to their vaginal birth after caesarean. Achieving a vaginal birth after caesarean was seen in the theme ‘the powerful me,’ and the resultant benefits are described in the theme ‘the ongoing journey’.Conclusion
Women undergo a journey from their previous caesarean with different positive and negative experiences as they move towards their goal of achieving a vaginal birth after caesarean. This ‘journey from pain to power’ is strongly influenced by both negative and positive support provided by health care practitioners. Positive support from a health care professional is more common in confident practitioners and continuity of care with a midwife. 相似文献73.
Robin L. Stadnyk Stephanie A. Chamberlain Grace Warner E. Marie Earl Christy Nickerson Rak 《Journal of Housing for the Elderly》2017,31(3):243-258
Longitudinal quality-of-life (QOL) research incorporating multiple perspectives can add to knowledge about how nursing home residents experience QOL, but these methods are seldom used. This study employed interviews and participant observation to conduct multiple-perspective, longitudinal case studies of six residents. Close, reciprocal relationships with staff members, staff knowledge of residents, and autonomy were fundamental to QOL. Autonomy was experienced through choice and self-advocacy. Changes in QOL over time related to changes in resident health status, acclimation to the setting and family member availability. Study results may have implications for staffing and staff training. 相似文献
74.
Using data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, the purpose of this study is twofold. First, the study identifies coping strategies used by older adults. Second, the study examines the impact of older adults’ chosen coping strategies on mortality reduction. The study focuses specifically on differences in the use of religious and secular coping strategies among this population. The findings suggest that although coping strategies differ between those who self-classify as religious and those who self-classify as nonreligious, for both groups social approaches to coping (e.g., attending church and volunteering) are more likely than individual approaches (e.g., praying or active/passive coping) to reduce the risk of mortality. The most efficacious coping strategies, however, are those matched to characteristics of the individual. 相似文献
75.
76.
This study reviews the sustainable urban design concept and identifies critical factors for enhancing social sustainability
of urban renewal projects. Through a questionnaire survey carried out in Hong Kong, the opinions of architects, planners,
property development managers, and local citizens were sought and evaluated. The results derived from factor analysis indicated
that certain design features should be incorporated for achieving social sustainability. “Satisfaction of Welfare Requirements”,
“Conservation of Resources & the Surroundings”, “Creation of Harmonious Living Environment”, “Provisions Facilitating Daily
Life Operations”, “Form of Development” and “Availability of Open Spaces” were believed to be the significant underlying factors
for enhancing social sustainability of local urban renewal projects.
相似文献
Grace K. L. LeeEmail: |
77.
Content validity, the extent to which a measurement reflects the specific intended domain of content, is a basic type of validity
for a valid measurement. It was usually examined qualitatively and relied on experts’ subjective judgments, not on respondents’
responses. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to introduce and demonstrate how to use quantitative methods to examine
the content validity for a certain measurement from respondents’ viewpoint with quantitative methods. In the current study,
content validity of the WHOQOL-BREF was examined with quantitative methods among 102 undergraduate students and 128 community
adults. They were asked to rate the appropriateness of each item with the four domains of the WHOQOL-BREF respectively and
also asked to sort the items into the four domains. Then, three quantitative methods on examining content validity were applied
to analyze the rating and sorting data, including (1) proportion of substantive agreement, (2) substantive validity, and (3)
ANOVA approach. These results were used to compare with the original content structure of the WHOQOL-BREF, to see if the original
structure is consistent with the structure of subjects’ judgments. The results showed that the content structure gained from
appropriateness rating and item sorting was not totally consistent with the original content structure of the WHOQOL-BREF.
Among 24 items, 12 items did not have adequate content validity. More discussion on these items and the issue of content validity
were further provided. 相似文献
78.
79.
This study examines youths' experiences of loneliness and community connectedness in relation to seven domains of subjective quality of life among pre-adolescents, early adolescents, and middle adolescents. Participants consisted of 464 youth, ranging in age from 11 to 17 years, from two rural towns. Youth reported on their subjective experiences of loneliness and their perceptions of their community environments (neighbourhood and school). Hierarchical regressions indicated the importance of loneliness in accounting for subjective quality of life for early adolescents, and less so for middle and pre-adolescents. Community factors significantly accounted for additional variance in pre-adolescents' reports of their quality of life, compared with early and middle adolescents' reports. Discussion highlights the importance of understanding the determinants of quality of life from an individual, community, and developmental perspective. 相似文献
80.
The (continuous) data are n observations that are believed to be a random sample from a symmetrical population. Confidence intervals and significance tests for the population mean are desired. There is, however, the possibility that either the smallest observation or the largest observation is an outlier. That is, the population providing this observation differs from the symmetrical population providing the other n - 1 observations. If this occurs, intervals and tests are desired for the mean of the population providing the other n - 1 observations. Some investigation difficulties can be overcome if intervals and tests can be developed that are simultaneously usable for all of these three situations (a confidence coefficient, or significance level, has the same value for all three situations). Two kinds of intervals and tests with this property are developed. These results always involve both the next to smallest observations and should have at least moderately high efficiencies. Also, some extensions are considered, such as allowing each observation to be from a different population. 相似文献