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141.
Dyregrov K Dieserud G Straiton M Rasmussen ML Hjelmeland H Knizek BL Leenaars AA 《Omega》2010,62(2):149-168
Few studies directly address vulnerable populations' motivation for participating in research. Often motives are expressed spontaneously and typically given post-interview. This article investigates motivation for research participation among informants who have been bereaved by suicide. Informants were specifically asked for their motivation either prior to, or directly after the interview. Four categories of motivations were identified: (1) Helping Others, (2) Venting, (3) Insight, and (4) Just Because. Sixty percent of informants gave more than one motivation. The majority was altruistically motivated; they hoped that by taking part they could play a role in helping to prevent suicide, improving services for the bereaved or moving research forward. Close family members were more likely to be motivated by a desire to help others than more distant family members. Findings are discussed in the context of suicide-related bereavements. Information about research participation as beneficial to others should be given parallel to that of possible strain. 相似文献
142.
Thomas Kneib Bernhard Baumgartner Winfried J. Steiner 《AStA Advances in Statistical Analysis》2007,91(3):225-244
The multinomial logit model (MNL) is one of the most frequently used statistical models in marketing
applications. It allows one to relate an unordered categorical response variable, for example representing
the choice of a brand, to a vector of covariates such as the price of the brand or variables characterising
the consumer. In its classical form, all covariates enter in strictly parametric, linear form into the
utility function of the MNL model. In this paper, we introduce semiparametric extensions, where smooth
effects of continuous covariates are modelled by penalised splines. A mixed model representation of
these penalised splines is employed to obtain estimates of the corresponding smoothing parameters, leading
to a fully automated estimation procedure. To validate semiparametric models against parametric models,
we utilise different scoring rules as well as predicted market share and compare parametric and semiparametric
approaches for a number of brand choice data sets. 相似文献
143.
A common situation in filtering where classical Kalman filtering does not perform particularly well is tracking in the presence of propagating outliers. This calls for robustness understood in a distributional sense, i.e.; we enlarge the distribution assumptions made in the ideal model by suitable neighborhoods. Based on optimality results for distributional-robust Kalman filtering from Ruckdeschel (Ansätze zur Robustifizierung des Kalman-Filters, vol 64, 2001; Optimally (distributional-)robust Kalman filtering, arXiv: 1004.3393, 2010a), we propose new robust recursive filters and smoothers designed for this purpose as well as specialized versions for non-propagating outliers. We apply these procedures in the context of a GPS problem arising in the car industry. To better understand these filters, we study their behavior at stylized outlier patterns (for which they are not designed) and compare them to other approaches for the tracking problem. Finally, in a simulation study we discuss efficiency of our procedures in comparison to competitors. 相似文献
144.
We consider the linear regression modely=Xβ+u with prior information on the unknown parameter vector β. The additional information on β is given by a fuzzy set. Using
the mean squared error criterion we derive linear estimators that optimally combine the data with the fuzzy prior information.
Our approach generalizes the classical minimax procedure firstly proposed by Kuks and Olman. 相似文献
145.
Verdery Katherine Bernhard Michael Kopstein Jeffrey Stokes Gale Kennedy Michael D. 《Theory and Society》2005,34(1):1-36
These essays were originally presented at a symposium of the same title that took place at the annual meeting of the American Association of the Advancement of Slavic Studies in Toronto on November 20, 2003. The charge to the participants was to to reread the book and make short presentations on it, its significance, the validity of its analysis in hindsight, its historical contribution to our understanding of late communism, its influence on others. The symposium was timed to commemorate the thirtieth anniversary of writing of the book in 1973–1974 as well as the twenty-fifth anniversary of its publication in English in 1979. 相似文献
146.
Human life expectancy has risen in most developed countries over the last century, causing the observed demographic shifts.
Babel, Bomsdorf and Schmidt (forthcoming) introduce a stochastic mortality model using panel data procedures which distinguishes
between a common time effect and a common age effect of mortality evolvement. Using this mortality model, the present paper
provides forecasts of future life expectancy for 17 countries divided into 12 regions: Australia, Alps, Bene, Canada, England
and Wales, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain, Scandinavia and the United States of America. We consider (traditional) period
life expectancies as well as cohort life expectancies, the latter being a more realistic approach but less common. It turns
out that a continuing increase of life expectancy is expected in all considered countries. Further, we show that the probabilistic
uncertainty of forecast life expectancies is different if either period life expectancies or cohort life expectancies are
considered and, moreover, the uncertainty increases substantially if the error of parameter estimation is included. 相似文献
147.
Anne Hillairet de Boisferon Claudia Kubicek Judit Gervain Gudrun Schwarzer Hélène Loevenbruck Anne Vilain Mathilde Fort David Méary Olivier Pascalis 《Infancy》2021,26(4):647-659
During their first year, infants attune to the faces and language(s) that are frequent in their environment. The present study investigates the impact of language familiarity on how French-learning 9- and 12-month-olds recognize own-race faces. In Experiment 1, infants were familiarized with the talking face of a Caucasian bilingual German-French speaker reciting a nursery rhyme in French (native condition) or in German (non-native condition). In the test phase, infants’ face recognition was tested by presenting a picture of the speaker's face they were familiarized with, side by side with a novel face. At 9 and 12 months, neither infants in the native condition nor the ones in the non-native condition clearly recognized the speaker's face. In Experiment 2, we familiarized infants with the still picture of the speaker's face, along with the auditory speech stream. This time, both 9- and 12-month-olds recognized the face of the speaker they had been familiarized with, but only if she spoke in their native language. This study shows that at least from 9 months of age, language modulates the way faces are recognized. 相似文献