环境规制、土地资源错配与环境污染

文章以2013—2018年中国267个地级及以上城市为研究对象,实证研究了土地资源错配与环境污染之间的关系以及环境规制在土地资源错配和环境污染之间的调节作用。结果表明:土地资源错配与环境污染呈显著正相关关系,即土地资源错配会造成环境污染,且环境规制在土地资源错配和环境污染之间具有抑制作用。异质性分析中,运用地理加权回归模型,按照土地资源错配对环境的污染程度对城市分类,与中度污染组相比,环境规制对重度污染组的土地资源错配和环境污染之间的抑制作用更加显著;按照全国资源型城市分类,与成长型城市和衰退型城市组相比,环境规制的抑制作用在成熟型城市和再生型城市组更明显。     

从达斡尔族、鄂温克族共有“乌力斯哈拉”看民族交融——以历史人物博穆博果尔、卜奎为中心

中国达斡尔族和鄂温克族的氏族组织由“哈拉”构成,而且都有“乌力斯哈拉”。文章结合博穆博果尔、卜奎这两个历史人物,探讨达斡尔族和鄂温克族共有的“乌力斯哈拉”的关系。经研究认为,达斡尔族和鄂温克族共有的“乌力斯哈拉”属于“民族互渗”的交融现象,博穆博果尔、卜奎是这两个民族共同认同的历史人物。博穆博果尔和卜奎的事迹是中华民族交往交流交融史的生动实例。这充分说明各民族交往、交流、交融程度不断加深,形成了你中有我、我中有你、谁也离不开谁的多元一体格局。由此可见,中华民族多元一体交融汇聚的历史,是由一个个具体的事实组成的。     

Evaluating Weight of Evidence in the Mystery of Balkan Endemic Nephropathy

Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) is a chronic, progressive wasting disease of the kidneys, endemic in certain rural regions of the Balkan nations Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria, and Romania. It is irreversible and ultimately fatal. Though this disease was first described in the 1950s, its causes have been a mystery and a source of much academic and clinical contention. Possible etiologic agents that have been explored include exposure to metals and metalloids, viruses and bacteria, and the dietary toxins aristolochic acid (AA) and ochratoxin A (OTA). AA is a toxin produced by weeds of the genus Aristolochia, common in Balkan wheat fields. Aristolochia seeds may intermingle with harvested grains and thus inadvertently enter human diets. OTA is a mycotoxin (fungal toxin) common in many foods, including cereal grains. In this study, we analyzed the weight of evidence for each of the suspected causes of BEN using the Bradford Hill criteria (BHC): nine conditions that determine weight of evidence for a causal relationship between an agent and a disease. Each agent postulated to cause BEN was evaluated using the nine criteria, and for each criterion was given a rating based on the strength of the association between exposure to the substance and BEN. From the overall available scientific evidence for each of these suspected risk factors, AA is the agent with the greatest weight of evidence in causing BEN. We describe other methods for testing causality from epidemiological studies, which support this conclusion of AA causing BEN.     

Using tri-reference point theory to evaluate risk attitude and the effects of financial incentives in a gamified crowdsourcing task

Crowdsourcing has rapidly developed as a mechanism to accomplish tasks that are easy for humans to accomplish but are challenging for machines. However, unlike machines, humans need to be cajoled to perform tasks, usually through some type of incentive. Since participants from the crowd are typically anonymous and have no expectation of an ongoing work relationship with a task requester, the types of incentives offered to workers are usually short-term monetary bonuses, which have had an inconclusive impact on crowdsourcing worker quality. In this paper, we explore the notion that the risk attitude of crowdsourcing workers may play an important role in the effectiveness of incentives on task accuracy. Traditional utility theories, such as prospect theory, depend on decisions made relative to a singular reference point, whereas the tri-reference point (TRP) theory (Wang and Johnson, J Exp Psychol Gen 141:743–756, 2012) holds that three reference points impact decision making. Using the TRP theory as a guide, we develop a game that provides workers with three reference points and subsequently explores the role of multiple reference points on worker risk aversion and task accuracy.     

铁路机车轴承CAD——载荷分布计算

根据铁路机车轴承的结构特点,综合考虑滚动轴承座及内外套囤的弯曲变形,本文建立了轴承载荷分布计算模型。通过有限元分析计算,给出了轴承实际载荷分布值,并为轴承支座的刚性设计提出了设计要求和建议,为滚动轴承的CAD优化设计提供了切实可行的计算方法。     

建筑物绕流的环境效应

本文建立了一个适合建筑物绕流等环境流动的可压缩湍流粘性数值模型，并用该模型模拟了单个和多个建筑物的绕流，得出了建筑物问的滞留旋涡、建筑物“热岛”等对环境有很大影响的流谱．     

试论现代科学思想的转变

本文首先指出从经典科学到现代科学的发展是科学史上传大的变革，其本质是科学思想的转变，然后详细地论述了现代科学转变的四大特点。     

文学鉴赏中艺术经验的二度生成

艺术及艺术教育的重要性问题已成为新世纪的学术前沿。文学鉴赏作为一种比较普及的艺术教育形式 ,理应受到重视。本文从读者艺术经验的角度对文学鉴赏问题作出了新的阐释 ,认为 :文学鉴赏是读者对一个艺术作品所呈现的美的世界的再发现 ,是对艺术家艺术经验的还原 ,是艺术经验的二度生成。它要求读者具有艺术的眼光 ,注重作品形式的研究和形象的品味。     

理论创新——21世纪党建的一个重大课题

理论创新是马克思主义的本质要求 ,是马克思主义政党永葆青春的生命力所在。中国共产党 80多年的奋斗历程 ,就是一部理论创新史。 2 1世纪要解决我党建设的两大历史性课题 ,必须坚持以“三个代表”的重要思想为指导 ,解放思想 ,实事求是 ,与时俱进 ,理论创新。