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91.
Hans Van de Velde Roeland van Hout & Marinel Gerritsen 《Journal of Sociolinguistics》1997,1(3):361-391
The study investigates phonological variation and change in two varieties of standard Dutch: southern standard Dutch (spoken in Flanders, the northern part of Belgium) and northern standard Dutch (spoken in the Netherlands). A new source for studying language change in progress is introduced: archived recordings of radio broadcasts. The study covers the period from 1935 to 1993. Changes in progress are studied by a combination of insight and techniques from historical linguistics and sociolinguistics. The outcomes of analyzing separate linguistic variables are presented, but the focus of the analysis is on the presence of more general patterns of covariation within the set of linguistic variables and on the possibility of distinguishing (prototypical) temporal and community-based varieties of standard Dutch. The results reveal a pattern of divergence between the two varieties of standard Dutch. The southern variety remained more or less stable between 1935 and 1993. Northern standard Dutch, however, changed substantially. 相似文献
92.
Andrew Dorward Shenggen Fan Jonathan Kydd Hans Lofgren Jamie Morrison Colin Poulton Neetha Rao Laurence Smith Hardwick Tchale Sukhadeo Thorat Ian Urey Peter Wobst 《Development policy review : the journal of the Overseas Development Institute》2004,22(6):611-622
Global experience with pro‐poor growth and empirical work spanning India, Malawi and Zimbabwe demonstrates the importance of agricultural growth for poverty reduction in poor rural areas, while also pointing to the need for complementary non‐farm sector growth. Theoretical arguments, historical evidence and livelihoods modelling in poor medium‐potential rural economies suggest that, contrary to thinking dominating much of current development policy, subsidies to relieve critical seasonal credit and cash restraints and reduce market and input supply uncertainties need to help in ‘kick‐starting’ agricultural markets if increased smallholder productivity in food‐grains is to drive rural non‐farm growth. Establishing the base conditions for these to work, designing and implementing them to be effective, and then phasing them out are major challenges facing policymakers. 相似文献
93.
In this paper a model for negotiation support in tactical procurement planning is designed, which is based on a real planning problem from the liquid gas trade sector. The problem is modeled as an assignment problem and transformed into a robust form. Computational experiments using data from a practice partner are presented to demonstrate the effective decision support of our approach. 相似文献
94.
Abstract In this article an update of the Rota-Risk-Profile-Analysis (RRPA) is presented. This RRPA is based on 9 rota-risk criteria that are central to a more encompassing rota theory. The RRPA allows coherent assessment of the physical and social risks of a working-time schedule (rota). comparison of schedules with one another in quantitative terms and interpretations of possible differential effects more adequately. First, a closer look at the instrument-a computer program-is taken. Afterwards the criteria and their way of implementation are discussed briefly. To get an impression of the way that RRPA functions an example will be given by applying the instrument to the working rotas from a study on shiftwork in the Netherlands. 相似文献
95.
汉斯·J·施奈德 《复旦学报(社会科学版)》2010,(4)
哈贝马斯主张,为使宗教进入公共领域,必须对它们的文本进行分类和翻译,从而把它们的命题含义与它们的神圣外衣加以分离,以便使它们的意义成为公众可理解的.作者以后期维特根斯坦的哲学为基础进行论证,认为宗教语言不同于科学语言,因为它们涉及不同的生活形式、处理不同的主题,宗教所关心的是对作为整体的世界的生活态度,而科学则对作为物的总和的世界加以说明,因而把宗教的话语翻译成命题的表达方式的做法既无必要也无助益. 相似文献
96.
[德]汉斯·费格尔 《云南大学学报(社会科学版)》2004,3(4):35-43
康德认为 ,没有一个关于历史的道德旨趣 ,道德行为者的自律是不稳固的。康德试图这样描述历史的道德旨趣 ,充分挖掘“包涵先天原则的普遍历史的观念” ,同时 ,他认为能产生一个关于道德世界的反思性观念的实践理性 ,需要创造一个历史的道德旨趣以便超越个人的目标。康德关于历史符号的理论讨论的是这样一个问题 :历史的进程并不能直接由经验决定 ,这种进步是按照具有绝对必然性的实践理性的原则进行的。被当成符号的人类经验具有肯定功能 ,它们避免了自然与理性的二分 ,因为它们的源头是想像 ,想像是一个枢纽 ,想像能够传达消息。理性在一个扩大的领域内不能获得善 ,相反 ,是它创造了善 ,这就是为什么理性以历史的道德旨趣为基础的原因。 相似文献
97.
Mainstream brand management literature views brands as products or organisations carrying brand names and brand managers as being in control of brand-related actions and outcomes. By contrast, recent empirical research shows the substantial influence of stakeholders on brands. Together with brand management, stakeholders shape brands by participating in brand-related interaction. European brand research accordingly treats brands as ongoing and complex processes in constant flux. Nevertheless, literature suffers from a significant lack of theoretical underpinnings for understanding brands as complex processes; in this respect, building on European philosophy is a fruitful avenue. This paper introduces the metaphor of the rhizome and draws on European process philosophy to further develop an integrative processual understanding of brands. Brand management claiming control over brands as processes turns out to be a delusion. 相似文献
98.
Nuclear Waste Management under Approaching Disaster: A Comparison of Decommissioning Strategies for the German Repository Asse II 下载免费PDF全文
This article compares different strategies for handling low‐ and medium‐level nuclear waste buried in a retired potassium mine in Germany (Asse II) that faces significant risk of uncontrollable brine intrusion and, hence, long‐term groundwater contamination. We survey the policy process that has resulted in the identification of three possible so‐called decommissioning options: complete backfilling, relocation of the waste to deeper levels in the mine, and retrieval. The selection of a decommissioning strategy must compare expected investment costs with expected social damage costs (economic, environmental, and health damage costs) caused by flooding and subsequent groundwater contamination. We apply a cost minimization approach that accounts for the uncertainty regarding the stability of the rock formation and the risk of an uncontrollable brine intrusion. Since economic and health impacts stretch out into the far future, we examine the impact of different discounting methods and rates. Due to parameter uncertainty, we conduct a sensitivity analysis concerning key assumptions. We find that retrieval, the currently preferred option by policymakers, has the lowest expected social damage costs for low discount rates. However, this advantage is overcompensated by higher expected investment costs. Considering all costs, backfilling is the best option for all discounting scenarios considered. 相似文献
99.
100.
Hans G. Krijnen 《Long Range Planning》1977,10(4):78-87
In this article Hans G. Krijnen sets out to illustrate part of the strategic policy-making of a firm. he uses three economic basic-aims and three groups of strategies. The basic-aims have been linked with the strategies which, in the author's opinion, contribute most towards the realisation of meaningful goals. He believes it should be possible to deduce some broad guidelines from the relationships mentioned, to be able to make a choice among a number of new product–market combinations. 相似文献