A differencing test

This paper proposes and applies a test procedure for misspecification in a dynamic regression model with moving average errors. The test statistics are based on testing for unit roots in the moving average process when the model is deliberately overdifferenced.     

Watching Dutch Change: A Real Time Study of Variation and Change in Standard Dutch Pronunciation

The study investigates phonological variation and change in two varieties of standard Dutch: southern standard Dutch (spoken in Flanders, the northern part of Belgium) and northern standard Dutch (spoken in the Netherlands). A new source for studying language change in progress is introduced: archived recordings of radio broadcasts. The study covers the period from 1935 to 1993. Changes in progress are studied by a combination of insight and techniques from historical linguistics and sociolinguistics. The outcomes of analyzing separate linguistic variables are presented, but the focus of the analysis is on the presence of more general patterns of covariation within the set of linguistic variables and on the possibility of distinguishing (prototypical) temporal and community-based varieties of standard Dutch. The results reveal a pattern of divergence between the two varieties of standard Dutch. The southern variety remained more or less stable between 1935 and 1993. Northern standard Dutch, however, changed substantially.     

An international study of ethics

This study presents the results of a survey of graduate students from three cultural backgrounds. English, German, and American business students responded to an eleven-item survey designed to assess one's beliefs about what is necessary to succeed in graduate business programs. The results indicate that the attributes which students believe are required to succeed differ among cultures, with the greatest differences occurring between the American and European respondents.     

Institutions and Policies for Pro‐poor Agricultural Growth

Global experience with pro‐poor growth and empirical work spanning India, Malawi and Zimbabwe demonstrates the importance of agricultural growth for poverty reduction in poor rural areas, while also pointing to the need for complementary non‐farm sector growth. Theoretical arguments, historical evidence and livelihoods modelling in poor medium‐potential rural economies suggest that, contrary to thinking dominating much of current development policy, subsidies to relieve critical seasonal credit and cash restraints and reduce market and input supply uncertainties need to help in ‘kick‐starting’ agricultural markets if increased smallholder productivity in food‐grains is to drive rural non‐farm growth. Establishing the base conditions for these to work, designing and implementing them to be effective, and then phasing them out are major challenges facing policymakers.     

Robust optimization in distribution-based demand planning: a model for negotiation support

In this paper a model for negotiation support in tactical procurement planning is designed, which is based on a real planning problem from the liquid gas trade sector. The problem is modeled as an assignment problem and transformed into a robust form. Computational experiments using data from a practice partner are presented to demonstrate the effective decision support of our approach.     

Rota-Risk-Profile-Analysis

Abstract

In this article an update of the Rota-Risk-Profile-Analysis (RRPA) is presented. This RRPA is based on 9 rota-risk criteria that are central to a more encompassing rota theory. The RRPA allows coherent assessment of the physical and social risks of a working-time schedule (rota). comparison of schedules with one another in quantitative terms and interpretations of possible differential effects more adequately. First, a closer look at the instrument-a computer program-is taken. Afterwards the criteria and their way of implementation are discussed briefly. To get an impression of the way that RRPA functions an example will be given by applying the instrument to the working rotas from a study on shiftwork in the Netherlands.     

以后期维特根斯坦为导向探讨宗教理解的语言哲学前提

哈贝马斯主张,为使宗教进入公共领域,必须对它们的文本进行分类和翻译,从而把它们的命题含义与它们的神圣外衣加以分离,以便使它们的意义成为公众可理解的.作者以后期维特根斯坦的哲学为基础进行论证,认为宗教语言不同于科学语言,因为它们涉及不同的生活形式、处理不同的主题,宗教所关心的是对作为整体的世界的生活态度,而科学则对作为物的总和的世界加以说明,因而把宗教的话语翻译成命题的表达方式的做法既无必要也无助益.     

Randomization of neighbour balanced generalized Youden designs

If a crossover design with more than two treatments is carryover balanced, then the usual randomization of experimental units and periods would destroy the neighbour structure of the design. As an alternative, Bailey [1985. Restricted randomization for neighbour-balanced designs. Statist. Decisions Suppl. 2, 237–248] considered randomization of experimental units and of treatment labels, which leaves the neighbour structure intact. She has shown that, if there are no carryover effects, this randomization validates the row–column model, provided the starting design is a generalized Latin square. We extend this result to generalized Youden designs where either the number of experimental units is a multiple of the number of treatments or the number of periods is equal to the number of treatments. For the situation when there are carryover effects we show for so-called totally balanced designs that the variance of the estimates of treatment differences does not change in the presence of carryover effects, while the estimated variance of this estimate becomes conservative.     

历史的道德旨趣——康德关于历史符号的理论

康德认为 ,没有一个关于历史的道德旨趣 ,道德行为者的自律是不稳固的。康德试图这样描述历史的道德旨趣 ,充分挖掘“包涵先天原则的普遍历史的观念” ,同时 ,他认为能产生一个关于道德世界的反思性观念的实践理性 ,需要创造一个历史的道德旨趣以便超越个人的目标。康德关于历史符号的理论讨论的是这样一个问题 :历史的进程并不能直接由经验决定 ,这种进步是按照具有绝对必然性的实践理性的原则进行的。被当成符号的人类经验具有肯定功能 ,它们避免了自然与理性的二分 ,因为它们的源头是想像 ,想像是一个枢纽 ,想像能够传达消息。理性在一个扩大的领域内不能获得善 ,相反 ,是它创造了善 ,这就是为什么理性以历史的道德旨趣为基础的原因。