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41.
Hervé Crès 《Social Choice and Welfare》2001,18(3):507-525
We consider weak preference orderings over a set A
n of n alternatives. An individual preference is of refinement?≤n if it first partitions A
n into ? subsets of `tied' alternatives, and then ranks these subsets within a linear ordering. When ?<n, preferences are coarse. It is shown that, if the refinement of preferences does not exceed ?, a super majority rule (within non-abstaining voters)
with rate 1− 1/? is necessary and sufficient to rule out Condorcet cycles of any length. It is argued moreover how the coarser
the individual preferences, (1) the smaller the rate of super majority necessary to rule out cycles `in probability'; (2)
the more probable the pairwise comparisons of alternatives, for any given super majority rule.
Received: 29 June 1999/Accepted: 25 February 2000 相似文献
42.
Valentine Rattaz Hervé Tissot Nilo Puglisi Manuella Epiney Chantal Razurel Nicolas Favez 《Infancy》2023,28(1):56-70
In this study, we investigated the physiological regulation of vagal tone during dyadic and triadic parent-infant interactions in infants born before or around the COVID-19 lockdown in Switzerland. We hypothesized that there would be a decrease in vagal tone in triadic interactions compared with dyadic interactions, as triadic interactions are more complex and therefore more resource demanding. However, we expected this difference to be smaller for infants who experienced the period of confinement, as the lockdown led parents to spend more time at home. We also hypothesized that parents would have less stressful interactional events in the triadic interaction because they would be used to interacting with the child together. This study included 36 parents with their 3 month-old infants. Eighteen families met the study authors before the onset of the pandemic (pre-COVID) and 18 met them after its onset, having experienced a period of confinement during the infants' first 3 months of life (COVID). Results showed that the COVID group had no decrease in vagal tone during triadic interactions, whereas the pre-COVID group did. This difference could not, however, be explained by less stressful interactional events in triadic interactions, as the COVID group showed more stressful interactional events in mother-father-infant interactions. 相似文献