Understanding Settlement Pathways of African Immigrants in France Through a Capability Approach: Do Pre-migratory Characteristics Matter?

With the increase in asylum-related immigration since 2015, understanding how immigrants settle in a new country is at the centre of social and political debate in European countries. The objective of this study is to determine whether the necessary time to settle for Sub-Saharan Africa immigrants in France depends more on pre-migratory characteristics or on the structural features of the host society. Taking a capability approach, we define settlement as the acquisition of three basic resources: a personal dwelling, a legal permit of a least 1 year and paid work. We use data from the PARCOURS survey, a life-event history survey conducted from 2012 to 2013 that collected 513 life histories of Sub-Saharan African immigrants living in France. Situations regarding housing, legal status and activity were documented year by year since the arrival of the respondent. We use a Kaplan–Meier analysis and chronograms to describe the time needed for settlement, first for each resource (personal dwelling, legal permit and paid work) and then for the combined indicator of settlement. Discrete-time logistic regressions are used to model the determinants of this settlement process. Overall, women and men require 6 and 7 years (medians), respectively, to acquire basic resources in France. This represents a strikingly long period of time in which immigrants lack basic security. The settlement process varies according to gender, but very few sociodemographic factors influence settlement dynamics. Therefore, the length of the settlement process may be due to structural features of the host society.     

Ethical Considerations in Adoption Research: Navigating Confidentiality and Privacy Across the Adoption Kinship Network

Abstract

Adoption research often includes multiple members of the adoption network, each of whom has distinctive perspectives. Participants may include adopted individuals and their siblings as well as adoptive parents, birth parents, and adoption professionals. Due to these multiple informants and the sensitivity of the topics explored in adoption research, researchers encounter several unique ethical concerns when working with populations impacted by adoption. The current article addresses confidentiality and privacy issues that arise when conducting adoption research. Examples from a longitudinal study on openness in adoption are provided to highlight strategies that can be used to address these issues.     

中国高技术服务业R&D资源配置效率的省际比较分析——基于2009年第二次全国R&D资源清查数据

为探究中国高技术服务业R&D资源配置效率,分析各地区效率差异状况及其影响因素,利用经典DEA模型,实证分析中国高技术服务业的R&D资源配置效率状况.结果显示:辽宁、福建、山东、云南等省份R&D效率有效,而北京、上海、江苏、广东、河南、湖南、安徽等省份效率较低,且内部效率值差异较大.为缩小地区高技术服务业R&D效率差距,提高全国高技术服务业发展水平,必须优化资源投入结构、加强投入力度、创新人才培养机制、培育市场需求及引导产业集聚等.     

Quality insights of university students on dying, death, and death education--a preliminary study in Hong Kong

Death is a subject seldom studied in school and often misunderstood and feared by many people. Children often learn about death from their family and mass media. From the literature review on dying, death, and death education, it may be concluded that people are generally ignorant about the issues of death and dying. There is a need to investigate what young people, such as university students, know about death and dying, and their attitudes toward them. Eight university students were recruited for this study. Most participants have had death experiences. They seldom talked about death and loss. Some of these experiences were quite pleasant but some of them were not. Most participants addressed the need to have "life and death" education in schools at their young age. Such a need is further supported by the incidents of two participants who attempted suicide unsuccessfully when they encountered a life problem which they could not solve.     

Are Liberal Studies teachers ready to prepare human rights respecting students? A portrait of teachers’ attitudes towards human rights

As in most countries, human rights education (HRE) in Hong Kong has never been high on the educational agenda. In 2009, a compulsory subject, Liberal Studies (LS), which could be used as a platform for HRE, was introduced. The Hong Kong Institute of Education launched a research and development project which, as one of its objectives, studied LS teachers’ attitudes towards human rights and Rule of Law. This article first provides a brief overview of HRE. Then, the potential of HRE in LS will be discussed, followed by an introduction of the research project. Subsequently, the research design and findings will be presented. The findings reveal that there is a large gap between teachers’ understandings of human rights and international human rights standards. Since LS teachers’ attitudes are crucial for effective HRE, the findings are quite striking. The paper ends with recommendations for further research, policy formulations, and teacher preparation.     

Orthogonal polynomials,repeated measures,and SPSS

We discuss the construction of discrete orthonormal polynomials, using MAPLE procedures. We also study two important applications of these polynomials in statistics: in multiple linear regression and in repeated measures analysis. In particular, it is argued that the tests given by SPSS for linear and other trends in a within-subject factor are inefficient. Examples are given, including two (from psychology and medicine, respectively) which involve repeated measures and SPSS. Extensive tables of discrete orthornormal polynomials are given in the Appendix.     

Is a powerful rival a right partner?

This paper explores why powerless firms are faced with the dilemma of whether or not to collaborate with other powerful firms. Two natures of power, competitive and cooperative natures, are compared to study such an imbalance between firms in market power and social power. Testing the syndicated underwritings in the U.S. from 1998 to 2009, we find that egos of low market power are less likely to partner with alters of high market power. In contrast, egos of low social power are more likely to collaborate with alters of high social power. Moreover, the results show that collaborations with powerful partners are not necessarily beneficial or detrimental for the performance of powerless focal firms; only when the high power partners possess a high network constraint which constrains opportunism and facilitates trust, do collaborations with such partners help the performance of powerless focal firms.     

Joint modeling of bottle use,daily milk intake from bottles,and daily energy intake in toddlers

The current study follows an educational intervention on bottle-weaning to simultaneously evaluate effects of the bottle-weaning intervention on reducing bottle use, daily milk intake from bottles, and daily energy intake in toddlers aged 11–13 months. In this paper, we propose to use shared parameter models and random effects models to model these outcomes jointly. Our joint models consist of two submodels: a two-part submodel for modeling the odds of bottle use and the intensity of daily milk intake from bottles, and a linear mixed submodel for modeling the intensity of daily energy intake. The two submodels are linked by either shared random effects or separate but correlated random effects. We investigate whether the intervention effects, parameter estimates, and model fit differ between shared parameter models and random effects models.     

延伸相似度对于品牌延伸的成功重要吗——消费者多样化寻觅与内在控制的调节角色

无论学术或实践界都相当重视且试图探讨消费者个人特质在品牌延伸领域中的角色,本研究拟扩充此观点,导入多样化寻觅及内在控制这两个人格特质,检验这些变量如何调节品牌延伸相似度与品牌延伸评估的关系。本研究采用两个实验设计,分别以皮夹及帆布鞋为延伸产品,搭配不同产品类别的真实品牌及虚拟情境来操纵延伸相似度,研究对象为大学生。研究结果显示:(1)延伸相似度正向影响品牌延伸评估;(2)对于多样化寻觅特质愈高的消费者,延伸相似度对品牌延伸评估的正向影响愈强;(3)对于内在控制特质愈高的消费者,延伸相似度对品牌延伸评估的正向影响愈强,此一结果与假设预期相反。本研究对理论及实践提供启示,并对未来研究方向提出建议。