当前乡镇财政研究若干问题综述

1983年,国家废除人民公社体制,在农村实行政社分设、组建乡(镇)政府。为了保障乡镇政府能有效运作,乡镇财政同时被建立。从近20年的运行情况来看,乡镇财政在公共物品提供及激励地方政府发展经济等方面的作用是毋庸置疑的。然而,由于乡镇财政收入不足,支出得不到有效监督,其职能没有界定清楚,以及上级政府的挤压,乡镇财政也暴露出一系列问题。其中最突出的是对农民强征强收,导致农民负担日趋沉重,干群矛盾日趋尖锐,农村不稳定因素增加。乡镇财政问题吸引了研究者的关注,由此产生了系列文献。本文从乡镇财政收入、财政支出、乡镇财政与上级政…     

Availability analysis for general repairable systems with repair time threshold

Availability analysis is an important issue in many practical fields. This paper investigates the availability for general repairable systems with repair time threshold. Based on practical applications, a repair time threshold is introduced. If the period of a repair is less than a predefined time threshold, then the system may be considered as working during this period, i.e., the effect of the repair could be neglected. Otherwise, if the period of a repair is longer than the given threshold, then the system is considered as working from the beginning of the system failure until the repair time exceeding the threshold, i.e., the time point of the system down could be delayed. We consider both constant and random repair time threshold. This paper valuates the user-perceived availability, when the user does not experience any service interruption because the duration of repair is too short. The results can be applied in reliability engineering, queueing theory and many other fields. A numerical example for ventilator system is presented to demonstrate the application of the developed approach.     

From the Digital Divide to the Connectivity Dividend Difference: A Connectivity Capital Perspective*

The access divide was once the basic form of the digital divide. The development of Internet infrastructure has narrowed the access divide and increased application coverage, but it has also touched off a connectivity dividend difference. Taking the online market as an example, we examine the sources of the dividend difference and the factors influencing it with in a connectivity framework. We found that the narrowing of the access divide has resulted in enhanced connectivity and platform development, giving people the chance to benefit from transforming the various assets in which they have previously invested into differentiated compound connectivity capital. In the course, the scale and rate of the conversion are affected by two multiplier effects and especially by online platforms. The process is ultimately expressed in the dividend difference.     

跟踪调查中的拒访行为分析——以中国家庭动态跟踪调查为例

在梳理拒访影响因素理论模型的基础上,本文运用中国家庭动态跟踪调查(China Family Panel Study,CFPS)测试初访和测试第一次追访的并行数据和问卷数据,运用Logit模型对CFPS测试第一次追访中出现的受访家户拒访行为进行分析。分析发现,CFPS追访调查样本存在选择性拒访现象。追访中,被拒访的特点和模式与发达国家的基本一致,即受到受访家户和主事者社会经济特征、参访经历等因素的影响。分析还发现,在追访中,受访对象的拒访行为是可预测的。根据前次收集的并行数据和问卷数据,可以甄别未来可能拒访的重点对象。如能依此采取特别的样本维护策略,应可降低跟踪调查样本的损失率。     

An improved two-stage procedure to compare hazard curves

Qiu and Sheng has proposed a powerful and robust two-stage procedure to compare two hazard rate functions. In this paper we improve their method by using the Fisher test to combine the asymptotically independent p-values obtained from the two stages of their procedure. In addition, we extend the procedure to situations with multiple hazard rate functions. Our comprehensive simulation study shows that the proposed method has a good performance in terms of controlling the type I error rate and of detecting power. Three real data applications are considered for illustrating the use of the new method.     

江苏农村校车管理运营的问题与对策研究

江苏省农村校车管理运营存在很多问题,结合江苏省农村具体情况,研究确立符合江苏省农村校车特点与规律的管理思想,运用全寿命周期管理理论可以建立符合江苏农村校车实际情况的运营管理模式;从法律、市场准入、职能部门建立、教育布局与校车需求分析、运营模式的确定、营运安全监管等六个方面探讨校车运营模式的构建,可以提高江苏省农村校车的安全规范和管理水平。     

应用灰色关联度分析法评价毛竹种源的研究

应用灰色关联度分析法,对毛竹9个种源10个测试指标进行了量化评估,通过各种源加权关联度的比较,较为全面、客观地评价了各种源在不同经营目标上的优劣,为确定适宜推广的种源提供理论依据。     

中国股市限价指令簿的流动性提供研究

限价指令簿的流动性提供能力是描述其信息效率的主要指标。以上证180指数成分股的高频交易数据为样本,采用离散度和交易成本两个指标描述限价指令簿的流动性提供能力,并分别在市场和个股水平上分析其影响因素。研究结果表明,当预期市场波动增加时,限价指令簿的离散度上升,深度下降,供给的流动性减少,导致未来更高的真实波动。也就是说,流动性可以充当传递波动信息的管道,使投资者对未来波动率的预期成为现实,并主导实际市场波动。过去的市场走向是影响流动性供给的另一个重要因素,特别是当市场下滑时,限价指令簿的流动性供给将显著减少。在个股水平上,波动率和收益主要影响流动性的系统部分。     

数字技术对少数民族人口就业决策的影响研究——基于CGSS第二期数据的跨族群比较分析

随着新一轮通用技术变革的深入,新业态、新模式层数不穷,数字就业形式正逐渐发展为新的就业选择,这给传统劳动力就业带来挑战的同时,也为扩大就业机会、缩小群体收入差距提供了契机。本文从马克思剩余价值理论出发,给出了数字技术对就业决策的影响机制和路径,并基于中国综合社会调查（CGSS）第二期数据,通过稳健性检验、异质性分析和机制分析的方法,比较研究了汉族与少数民族人口的数字就业效应差异,重点考察了少数民族人口在数字就业决策上的特殊表现。研究结果发现：尽管数字技术对就业决策存在着显著的正向引导作用,但在具体的影响大小上,少数民族人口的数字就业效应略低于汉族人口;适度的宗教活动更有利于少数民族人口从事数字就业活动;数字技术还能使得少数民族男女得到更好的就业分工;且随着“宽带中国”战略的实施,城乡和族群间的数字就业效应差距日益缩小,但目前仍呈现东部地区高于中西部地区的状态;此外,跨族群的社会资本积累和不可替代的人力资本积累将更有利于少数民族人人口的数字就业决策。     

《契嵩年表》考补

释契嵩是北宋时期佛教界的代表人物,其著书辅教及上书朝廷活动,对中国佛教的伦理化进程有重要影响。郭尚武所编《契嵩年表》,对契嵩的有关活动作了细致勾勒,为国内研究提供了极大便利。本文主要针对其失实与疏漏之处,略作考补。