Kernel estimation of a distribution function

A distribution function is estimated by a kernel method with

a poinrwise mean squared error criterion at a point x. Relation- ships between the mean squared error, the point x, the sample size and the required kernel smoothing parazeter are investigated for several distributions treated by Azzaiini (1981). In particular it is noted that at a centre of symmetry or near a mode of the distribution the kernei method breaks down. Point- wise estimation of a distribution function is motivated as a more useful technique than a reference range for preliminary medical diagnosis.     

A brief proof on the generalized variance bound of the relative efficiency in statistics

In this paper, we obtain a brief proof on the generalized varance bound of the relative efficiency that was simultaneously given by Bloomfield and Watson(1975) and by Knott (1975).     

On the distance paired domination of generalized Petersen graphs <Emphasis Type="Italic">P</Emphasis>(<Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>,1) and <Emphasis Type="Italic">P</Emphasis>(<Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>,2)

Let G=(V,E) be a graph without an isolated vertex. A set D⊆V(G) is a k -distance paired dominating set of G if D is a k-distance dominating set of G and the induced subgraph 〈D〉 has a perfect matching. The minimum cardinality of a k-distance paired dominating set for graph G is the k -distance paired domination number, denoted by γ _p ^k (G). In this paper, we determine the exact k-distance paired domination number of generalized Petersen graphs P(n,1) and P(n,2) for all k≥1.     

Ways out of the sewage sludge dilemma: Connecting administrative and participatory decision making

This paper examines the problem of decisions about the disposal of sewage sludge, in the face of stakeholder groups with varying viewpoints, based on a current case from the state of Lower Saxony in Germany. Like other developed countries, Germany faces the dilemma that sludge arisings are increasing (e.g., because of better water treatment) while disposal options are becoming more scarce. Lower Saxony relies heavily on landfill and agricultural application, but landfill of untreated sludge will be banned after 2005. The state Environment Ministry sees agricultural application as having various advantages, but it faces scepticism from various stakeholders. The ministry has therefore taken steps to encourage a long-term dialogue process with the main stakeholders, including farming organizations, food processors, other landowners such as the churches, and environmental and consumer organizations. The process began with a discussion forum in 1995 that led to the proposal of specific discussions with stakeholders. This paper focuses in particular on the dialogue with environmental and consumer groups. It analyzes the initial positions of the various stakeholders, describes the concrete steps taken so far, describes the ongoing efforts, and critically evaluates the procedures used as well as their implications in terms of the ideas of deliberation and analysis.     

Peasants and Swedes: the making of a Habsburg nightmare in Early Modern Austria

The analysis of confessional conflict in early modern Austria has often focused on nobles and townspeople. To get the full picture, however, it is essential to integrate the rural core into the analysis. In the Habsburg domains, the dynasty’s resolve to uphold or subsequently re-establish the old faith antagonized large sectors of the populace. This occurred in the early phase of the Reformation, when a broad diversity of reformist thought influenced peasant activism. Yet it also returned at a later stage of Austrian confessionalization, when a reinvigorated church and dynasty had begun to roll back the advances of the new creed. During its final period in the midst of the Thirty Years’ War, Austrian peasants even sympathized with the Habsburgs’ international adversaries, personified above all by Sweden’s King Gustavus II Adolphus. These confrontations between monarchy and commoners form the centrepiece of this essay. By demonstrating both the potential and the limits of peasant agency, the article throws new light on the nature of Austrian society during the confessional era.     

人口年龄结构变动对居民消费率影响的实证研究

中国已处于消费拉动时代,人口年龄结构变动对居民消费率的影响日益成为人们关注的热点.采用向量自回归模型分析我国人口年龄结构变动对居民消费率的影响,结果发现:居民消费率对少儿抚养比、老年抚养比的冲击响应有一定的滞后性;与老年抚养比变动对居民消费率影响的正向性、单调递增性不同,少儿抚养比变动对居民消费率的影响较为复杂,前期为正向、后期为负向;从长期来看,老年抚养比变动是居民消费率变化的主要来源.     

浅析现代资本市场体系下的保险资金

本文对现代资本市场体系下的保险资金进行了分析，首先分析了保险资金的构成，接着对保险资金和资本市场的相互关系进行了考察，并分析了当前保险资金运用的现状，最后提出了对当前保险资金运用的思考。     

Bootstrap confidence regions computed from autoregressions of arbitrary order

Given a linear time series, e.g. an autoregression of infinite order, we may construct a finite order approximation and use that as the basis for confidence regions. The sieve or autoregressive bootstrap, as this method is often called, is generally seen as a competitor with the better-understood block bootstrap approach. However, in the present paper we argue that, for linear time series, the sieve bootstrap has significantly better performance than blocking methods and offers a wider range of opportunities. In particular, since it does not corrupt second-order properties then it may be used in a double-bootstrap form, with the second bootstrap application being employed to calibrate a basic percentile method confidence interval. This approach confers second-order accuracy without the need to estimate variance. That offers substantial benefits, since variances of statistics based on time series can be difficult to estimate reliably, and—partly because of the relatively small amount of information contained in a dependent process—are notorious for causing problems when used to Studentize. Other advantages of the sieve bootstrap include considerably greater robustness against variations in the choice of the tuning parameter, here equal to the autoregressive order, and the fact that, in contradistinction to the case of the block bootstrap, the percentile t version of the sieve bootstrap may be based on the 'raw' estimator of standard error. In the process of establishing these properties we show that the sieve bootstrap is second order correct.     

Ta: SnO2薄膜的制备与性能研究

SnO2作为一种典型的宽带隙半导体材料具有许多优异的物理和化学性质，例如极高的电子电导率、可见光透过率和化学稳定性，因此广泛用于光电材料、太阳能电池和气敏材料等各领域。采用溶胶 凝胶法在玻璃基片上制备了Ta掺杂SnO2透明导电薄膜，其中Ta含量在8 atom.%左右。Ta:SnO2薄膜的表面形貌较平整，但由于局部应力使薄膜出现了细小的断裂。Ta:SnO2薄膜为金红石结构，结晶程度较高，由于Ta5+、Sn4+离子半径接近，Ta原子溶入SnO2的晶格中置换Sn原子位置形成了稳定均一的固溶体结构，因此没有第二相出现，但是其晶格常数略有变化。