Do cultural orientations moderate the relation between Chinese adolescents’ shyness and depressive symptoms? It depends on their academic achievement

We examined the moderating roles of individualistic and collectivistic cultural orientations and academic achievement on the relation between Chinese adolescents’ shyness and depressive symptoms. A sample of Chinese adolescents (N = 492) from an urban school participated in the study during seventh (T1) and eighth (T2) grades. Adolescents self‐reported their shyness, cultural orientations, and depressive symptoms. The school provided records of their academic achievement. Concurrently, shyness and individualism were positively whereas collectivism and academic achievement were negatively, associated with adolescents’ depressive symptoms. Longitudinally, T1 shyness (but not individualism, collectivism, or academic achievement) predicted T2 depressive symptoms after controlling for stability in depressive symptoms. Concurrent relations between shyness and depressive symptoms were moderated by adolescents’ cultural orientations. Specifically, collectivism was protective whereas individualism was harmful, for shy adolescents’ adjustment. Furthermore, collectivism and academic achievement jointly moderated the relations between shyness and depressive symptoms concurrently and longitudinally. The results suggest that cultural orientations may influence shy adolescents’ depression symptoms through individual‐level self‐evaluation, and indicate that cultural factors and academic achievement need to be considered comprehensively for understanding and improving shy Chinese adolescents’ psychological adjustment.     

建立健全宏观经济评价、监测、预警统计的几点想法

宏观经济评价、监测、预警统计是摆在统计部门面前迫切的一个课题。党的十三大决定,我国经济建设的战略部署大体分三步走。现在,最重要的是走好第二步。赵紫阳同志在党的十三大的报告中,明确地提出了第二步的任务要求,指出必须坚定不移地贯彻执行注重效益、提高质量、协调发展、稳步增长的战略。这就给统计部门提出了一项迫切任务:如何从统计资料上反映经济发展战略的执行情况,或者说,如何根据经济发展战略的要求,运用统计手段对国民经济的发展,从宏观上进行评价。     

西方发达国家政府舆论宣传管理措施述论

西方发达国家政府一贯重视舆论宣传,在依靠硬性管理措施如行政力量、法律法规和强制措施管理宣传活动的同时,也重视利用软性管理措施,如政府新闻发言人制度、政治人物的影响、传媒公司控制以及依靠大型财团垄断传媒等手段,增强对舆论宣传的影响力,在舆论宣传管理措施上呈现出手法多样又灵活多变的特点.     

大学新生心理问题与导航

据调查 ,在一些大学新生中存在着一系列的心理问题 ,这直接影响其身心健康。因而 ,适宜的心理导航十分必要 ,应引起教育工作者的关注。     

论托马斯·莫尔《乌托邦》的基督教人文主义思想

从托马斯.莫尔的生平和创作来看,他的思想归属于欧洲文艺复兴运动早期的基督教人文主义,他在早期猛烈抨击罗马天主教组织的诸多弊端,后期则反对宗教改革运动。在莫尔的重要著作《乌托邦》中提出的公有制理论有着古典和基督教双重来源,从他的乌托邦思想出发,可以解释他与宗教改革者马丁.路德及英王亨利八世的分歧。     

论知识的资本属性

学界普遍认为,知识是一种公共物品,但实际上,在现代的市场制度下,知识具有资本属性,这具体表现在三个方面:第一,信息资本具有收益递增效应;第二,信息资本可以形成垄断;第三,信息资本导致知识霸权。     

美国新闻传媒与政府的关系剖析

美国传媒除个别如美国之音和公共广播系统外,基本上都是私营的,在经济上不受政府的直接控制,在法律上又受到宪法第一修正案的保护,享有相当的新闻自由权利。因此,美国传媒特别是新闻传媒往往自认为是独立于美国既存三大权利(行政、立法和司法)体系之外的第四权力体系,是美国社会中的“无冕之王”,与政府之间的关系是“对手关系”(adversary relationship),是代表民众监督政府的“看门狗”。[1]对于这个问题,人们可以从两个方面看,一是美国传媒如何处理自己与政府的关系?二是美国政府是如何控制美国传媒特别是新闻传媒的。一、传媒与政府:从…     

The DIRECTIONS nonprofit resource assessment model: A tool for small nonprofit organizations

Rapid growth in the number of nonprofits has created a shortage of trained staff and experienced volunteer leadership for nonprofit organizations. The Nonprofit Education Initiative (NEI) in South Carolina developed the DIRECTIONS nonprofit resource assessment model to provide tools to help nonprofits better meet the challenges facing our communities—tools that will help nonprofits develop effective plans, integrate resources, diversify revenue, communicate effective messages, and motivate constituents. These tools are also inexpensive and available close to home. The research and development process was a cooperative effort between the Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management and Clemson University Cooperative Extension Service, with funding from the W. K. Kellogg Foundation. Cooperative Extension is a component of the land grant university system, the largest educational delivery system in the world. Cooperative Extension's role is to plan, execute, deliver, and evaluate learning programs consistent with locally identified needs. It helps people acquire the understanding, capabilities, attitudes, and skills essential to solving farm, home, and community problems. This article gives a background of the challenges facing nonprofit organizations in South Carolina, the steps taken to develop this new assessment model, and results of research conducted throughout the development process.     

中国古史的"万邦时代"--兼论先秦时期国家与民族发展的渊源与地理格局

“万邦”一词 ,不仅是先秦时期的学者们论述国家演变的通行观念 ,也是那个时期国家与民族分布格局的真实状况。“万邦”时代的邦国既包括中原地区先进的华夏民族国家集团 ,也涵盖了边远地区“四夷”族的众多小邦国及部落联盟。从历史时期中国的地理范围出发 ,确定“万邦”时代的地位与价值 ,对于先秦时期政治地理与民族地理的研究 ,对深入了解中国古代民族与文化构成的多元性与复杂性 ,以及探索历史时期中国国家与民族发展规律 ,都具有深远的意义。     

傣族泼水节的神话与仪式研究

傣族泼水节的伴生神话与节日仪式的操演形成一组稳定的结构,在共同的心理基础上构成了活态的节庆神话.在以傣历周年为基本单位的社会时间谱系中,“佛事”与“农事”交错并行,构成了神话叙事的社会情境,诸多岁时祭仪皆是嵌在这一情境中的节点,与文化整体形成互动,再现了生态时间与社会时间,而仪式体系之间的结构性关联正是神话文本得以衍生和流变的基础.