Athletic status and drinking behavior in college students: the influence of gender and coping styles

College students' alcohol use as well documented, and published studies have indicated that athletes drink more frequently and more often to the stage of intoxication than do nonathletes. Some researchers have cited sociological factors to explain these behaviors, but neither the underlying emotional factors that drive students' alcohol use nor the interaction of gender and athletic status have been examined. The authors' twofold purpose in conducting this study was (1) to examine the influence of the interaction of gender and athletic status on the drinking behaviors of college students, and (2) to examine whether differences in male and female athletes' and nonathletes' coping styles influenced their drinking behaviors.     

Evaluation of the Alumni Program. A shared-care model for psychosis

This article describes the results of a prospective, naturalistic evaluation of the Alumni Program, conducted by the Psychotic Disorders Clinic at the McMaster Site of Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. The Alumni Program is a form of continuing psychiatric support offered to individuals with psychosis. The program involves providing shared care by both the specialist psychiatric team and the family practitioner. This model has been in operation for more than 8 years. The clinical data have been reviewed to determine whether the program is beneficial in supporting clients with their health maintenance goals, thus reducing occurrences of relapse, hospital readmission, and crisis or emergency room visits. The results appear favorable and affirm the Alumni Program is one viable method of follow up within a comprehensive range of psychiatric services.     

怎样免遭宣传欺诈？

那些负责保护企业声誉的管理层应怎样去减小企业遭受广告欺诈的风险? 推广新产品,开发新客户,拓展新渠道,以及市场地域范围的扩张等,这些发展目标都使得市场宣传费用与日俱增。市场宣传是一个市值4500亿美元的产业。很多人质疑市场投入是否物有所值,能否收到实效。而宣     

The Government and Statutory Bodies in Hong Kong: Centralization and Autonomy

Over the past decade in Hong Kong, the relationship and accountability of statutory bodies to core government, to the legislature, and to the broader public have been the subject of continuing and, as yet, unresolved debate. Faced with scandals and other serious problems in a number of the major statutory bodies, and in the context of its own problems of lack of political support and legitimacy, the Tung administration tended to reduce the autonomy of the statutory bodies by increasing central control and integrating their functions with those of core government. Legislators have seen the problems of statutory bodies from a rather different perspective, arguing that they result from a lack of accountability and transparency. The government’s eventual concession to the need for reform has resulted, since 2003, in a review of the principles governing the work of all advisory and statutory bodies and of specific statutory bodies which have experienced serious problems. This article examines the principles contained in the review and assesses whether they are likely to lead to increased autonomy and improvements in governance standards.     

Innovative approach for the treatment of cumulative trauma disorders

Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTDs) is the latest four-letter word for employees and employers. The purpose of this pilot study was to test the efficacy and cost effectiveness of ASTM, previously executed with Division I college athletes, in a work-related population. ASTM uses specially designed instruments to assist clinicians in rapid localization and effective treatment of soft tissue fibrosis/scar tissue. The protocol includes a flexibility and functional program that helps the worker adapt to the demands of the job. Physical and occupational therapists in both an outpatient clinic, and an industrial on-site setting, utilized ASTM. ASTM was considered successful, with symptoms resolved in over 70 percent of the patients. ASTM demonstrated impressive results in both settings and decreased medical and non-medical expenditures.     

On the structure of dialectical reasoning in the social and policy sciences

This paper extends the work of Toulmin on argumentation and Rescher on modal logic by combining them into a single framework. The result is a powerful tool for analyzing the structure and dynamics of arguments. In particular, it allows us to construct a novel model of dialectical reasoning. The model is capable of handling both qualitative and quantitative aspects of dialectical reasoning. The qualitative aspect pertains to the fact that there is a dramatic shift in the structure of an argument during a dialectic. The quantitative aspect pertains to the fact that there is a radical shift in the underlying axiomatic structure which governs the credibilities of the components of the argument.