Population education: a challenge of the seventies

The 2 sections of this discussion of population education set forth the larger theoretical, strategic, and institutional context in which population education can reasonably be expected to take hold in American society and deals impressionalistically with the few "pioneer years" of population education--a period less than a decade long. Population education is defined as an effort to bring about a realization of the individual, family, social, and environmental effects of the explosive increase in human population, the rapid shifts in the concentration and distribution of people, the implications of changing age and other demographic patterns, and the conceivable options that may be open to humankind to cope with the consequent problems. Population education is focused primarily on students who will become the principal childbearers within 1 or 2 decades. There are 4 formidable obstacles to the universal acceptance of population education: organization of the educational system around disciplines with the result that students become increasingly specialized the further they go; the 2-fold problem of crowded curricular schedules and the difficulty in persuading educational bureaucracies to introduce new subject matter into the curriculum; the problem of getting into value questions which public school systems normally avoid; and the shortage of teachers to teach in this field. Ways to deal with these problems are suggested. During the early years of the population education effort, unresolved conflict could be identified in 3 areas: definitions; goals; and tactics. The controversy continues over whether population education should include sex education, contraceptive education, environmental education, and family life education. The debate is more heated regarding whether population education should work merely to inform students about the nature, consequences, and possible controls of population growth, or to elicit forms of behavior which the teachers consider beneficial. The tactics of population educators include massive curriculum reform, preparation of special units, and the infusion of population concepts into most existing courses in primary and secondary schools.     

吉林省长春、四平两地老年人健康影响因素比较及对策

为了解长春、四平两地老年人的健康状况及其影响因素,采用现场体检及问卷调查的方式,对长春和四平地区1 946位老年人健康现状进行调查。发现两地老年人健康状况存在明显差异,四平市老年人慢性病患病率较高,患病率位于前三位的分别为心脏病、高血压、糖尿病。老年健康影响因素包括吸烟、饮酒、饮食、睡眠、锻炼身体等。根据两地老年人的特点,提出实现健康老龄化的具体对策。     

中国诉讼分流的数据分析

改革开放以来，中国诉讼数量迅速增长，但1997年以后诉讼增长率明显降低。对于在社会转型期诉讼增长率不升反降的原因，可以通过非诉讼纠纷解决机制、司法政策和法院公信力三个方面来分析纠纷的走向。关于诉讼与非诉讼纠纷解决机制的年均增长率、相关系数和比重的数据分析表明，中国诉讼增长率的下降也伴随着人民调解和经济仲裁作用的下降，但行政解决机制的增强、不受理的司法政策、诉讼费用改革以及针对司法腐败的一系列制度性建设，遏制了诉讼量的快速增长。     

改革开放以来的中国民法

改革开放以来，中国民法在价值与体系方面均取得进步，具体表现为人的私法主体地位的逐步确立、私法自治基石性地位的奠定、私人利益与私人权利得以确立并获确实保障、民法的科学性得到长足发展等。不过，现行民法在形式理性化的程度上仍有改进的空间。对中国社会而言，坚持民法的自主性、形式化、理性化发展方向具有特别重要的意义。同时，也必须通过保持民法一定程度的开放性来克服形式理性法的某些内在缺陷。     

知识产权的多元属性及研究范式

在诸多民事权利制度中,知识产权具备更多科技含量和知识要素。一般认为：著作权发生在文化创作领域,与文化创新、文化产业息息相关;专利权产生于技术应用领域,与科技创新、科技产业紧密相连;商标权则运作于工商经营领域,涉及商品销售、市场贸易等诸多问题。在知识经济的时代条件下,知识产权的制度实施效果,关系到一国的经济发展、科技进步、文化与教育的繁荣;而在经济全球化的国际背景中,知识产权保护又事关国际政治、国际经贸、国际文化与科技的交流和合作。这就决定了,从民法学理论出发研究知识产权属性,当是应有之义;而结合人权理论、经济学、管理学以及政策科学,多视角、全方位来考察知识产权功能,亦非常必要。这有助于在不同学科层面揭示知识产权的基本蕴意,保持知识产权研究中的问题导向及方法的开放性。     

视阈融合下的知识产权诠释

法哲学、哲学诠释学的任务从来就是认识知识产权本质及知识产权制度本质。其目的是为了更好地安排知识产权制度,而其困难在于法律专业的分工导致法律思维的专业限制,只有超越知识产权法才能看清知识产权及其制度本质。用法哲学思维、辩证逻辑的方法分析知识产权制度,探索不同性质的制度结构及相互关系,证明知识产权制度本质是一个均衡对价的制度安排,蕴涵了高超的政治智慧。知识产权立法只有具备这种政治智慧,才能使人们心悦诚服地按照知识产权规则从事生产和生活。     

SPECIAL ISSUE： REGIONAL CONVERGENCE AND COORDINATED URBAN GROWTH Regional Correlation and Spatial Spillovers in China＇s Regional Economic Growth

本文使用探索性空间数据分析工具研究了1988．2009年问中国各省区人均GDP的空间分布格局与特征,结果显示,一方面,存在着全域范围的正的空间自相关性,并且这种相关性随着时间的推移在增大;另一方面,局域相关也显示出中国局域性的空间集聚特征越来越明显。以一个表征市场潜能对地区经济发展影响的新经济地理学模型为基础,本文通过计量分析进一步考察了中国区域经济发展的空间溢出效应。经验分析表明,空间溢出效应是中国地区经济发展不可忽视的重要影响因素,市场潜能每增长1％,地区人均GDP增长率将提高0．47％,超过了地区固定资产投资增长的弹性值。当然,实证分析也发现这种空间溢出效应会随着地区间距离间隔的增加而减少。