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961.
Kevin J. A. Thomas 《Population research and policy review》2010,29(6):819-842
This study examines the relationship between orphan status and schooling disruption in post-genocide Rwanda. The results indicate
that while non-orphans have more favorable schooling outcomes in two-parent than in single-parent families, the reverse is
true among Rwandan orphans. In single-mother households, paternal orphans, i.e. orphans with only a living mother, have better
outcomes than their orphan and non-orphan counterparts. In contrast, paternal orphans have worse outcomes than other children in two-parent households,
especially in households headed by males. Maternal orphans are more likely to experience schooling disruptions than non-orphans
regardless of family structure. The maternal-orphan disadvantage is nevertheless greater in female-headed than in male-headed
households. As expected, non-related orphans are more disadvantaged than orphans related to their household heads. However,
non-related orphans have a greater disadvantage in two-parent than in single-parent households. The results also suggest that
within households, the provision of childcare to children below schooling age is an impediment to orphan’s schooling. These
impediments are, however, greater for double-orphans than paternal or maternal orphans. 相似文献
962.
Rendall M Aracil E Bagavos C Couet C Derose A Digiulio P Lappegard T Robert-Bobée I Rønsen M Smallwood S Verropoulou G 《Population studies》2010,64(3):209-227
According to the 'reproductive polarization' hypothesis, family-policy regimes unfavourable to the combination of employment with motherhood generate greater socio-economic differentials in fertility than other regimes. This hypothesis has been tested mainly for 'liberal' Anglo-American regimes. To investigate the effects elsewhere, we compared education differentials in age at first birth among native-born women of 1950s and 1960s birth cohorts in seven countries representing three regime types. Women with low educational attainment have continued to have first births early, not only in Britain and the USA but also in Greece, Italy, and Spain. Women at all other levels of education have experienced a shift towards later first births, a shift that has been largest in Southern Europe. Unlike the educationally heterogeneous changes in age pattern at first birth seen under the Southern European and Anglo-American family-policy regimes, the changes across birth cohorts in the study's two 'universalistic' countries, Norway and France, have been educationally homogeneous. 相似文献
963.
964.
Chad Hammond Ulrich Teucher Wendy Duggleby Roanne Thomas 《Journal of Aging Studies》2012,26(2):149-161
Little is understood about how experiencing cancer and aging together can disrupt people's socio-personal worlds and lead to existential questions about identity, life ambiguity, and death. Toward this end, we interpreted the metaphors that three aging men with cancer used in a focus group to describe their existential concerns. We also considered how two dominant cultural discourses around cancer and aging, generally referred to as discourses of “progress” and “decline”, figured into the participants' meanings. Finally, we compared the men's attitudes toward cancer and aging to dominant ideas about how men respond to these life events. Through interpretative phenomenological analysis, informed by critical phenomenology, we came to three conclusions. First, the men's interpretations of cancer and aging shared similar existential themes of tragedy and transcendence. Second, these existential concerns were informed by dominant discourses of cancer and aging, in that they followed the culturally constructed trajectories of decline and progress, respectively. The men's metaphors point to a negotiation of these two discourses. A third and related point is that the men predominantly contradicted gendered assumptions about dealing with life adversity but in some ways repeated them. This research indicates that people interpret cancer and aging in somewhat shared ways, via dominant cultural discourses, but also in individual ways depending on personal life histories. As discourses and life histories seem to influence how people make sense of aging life with cancer, it may be useful to be aware of these contexts when providing psycho-social care to aging cancer patients. 相似文献
965.
966.
967.
Attenborough FT 《Journal of historical sociology》2012,25(1):50-82
Does an infectious disease have one, singular pathogenic cause, or many interacting causes? In the discipline of medical microbiology, there is no definitive theoretical answer to this question: there, the conditions of aetiological possibility exist in a curious tension. Ever since the late 19th century, the “germ theory of disease”–“one disease, one cause”– has co‐existed with a much less well known theory of “multifactorality”–“one disease, many interacting causes”. And yet, in practice, it is always a singular and never a multifactorial aetiology that emerges once the pathogenic world is brought into the field of medical perception. This paper seeks to understand why. Performing a detailed, genealogical reading of the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak, it foregrounds a set of links that connect the practical diagnostic tools at work within contemporary, 21st century laboratories to the philosophical assumptions at work within late‐19th century understandings of the “germ theory of disease”. 相似文献
968.
This study examines the effect of the Family Check Up intervention on the probability of arrests from ages 12 to 17 years for youth following heterogeneous developmental trajectories of antisocial behavior. Latent Growth Mixture Modeling results supported the presence of three developmental trajectories of arrests, including a large group of youth with few police contacts, a smaller group of youth showing early onset and chronic arrests, and a group with adolescent-onset arrests. In line with hypotheses, effects of intervention were seen within the adolescent-onset group, but not in the early onset chronic arrest trajectory group, or those youth with little police contact. The trajectory groups were differentiated by peer, family, behavioral and academic risk variables at age 11. 相似文献
969.
Porathe T 《Work (Reading, Mass.)》2012,41(Z1):4873-4878
Transmission of intended and suggested routes to and from electronic chart systems has been identified as a user need. The idea was discussed during a focus group meeting and two field studies in fringe fields like search and rescue (SAR) and ice breaking. A prototype test was then conducted during a SAR drill. The features were very well received by all the participants in the drill. A system simulation with two ships and a VTS station was also conducted in a full mission bridge simulator. Preliminary results are very promising. Behavior with vessels in conflicting situations suggested that the intended routes could facilitate understanding when negotiating with or without VHF communication. No major concerns were expressed by the professional crew members that participated. 相似文献
970.
Designing a usable human machine interface for air traffic control is challenging and should follow approved methods. The ISO 9241-210 standard promises high usability of products by integrating future users and following an iterative process. This contribution describes the proceeding and first results of the analysis and application of ISO 9241-210 to develop a planning tool for air traffic controllers. 相似文献