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371.
Dalia Silberstein Ruth Feldman Judith M. Gardner Bernard Z. Karmel Jacob Kuint Ronny Geva 《Infancy》2009,14(5):501-525
Although feeding problems are common during infancy and are typically accompanied by relational difficulties, little research observed the mother–infant feeding relationship across the first year as an antecedent to the development of feeding difficulties. We followed 76 low‐risk premature infants and their mothers from the transition to oral feeding in the neonatal period to the end of the first year. Prior to hospital discharge, microlevel patterns of maternal touch and gaze were coded during feeding and nonfeeding interactions, global patterns of maternal adaptation were assessed, and infants' neurobehavioral status was tested. Psychomotor development was evaluated at 4 months. At 1 year, feeding difficulties were determined on the basis of maternal interview and direct observations of feeding interactions. Mothers of infants who exhibited feeding difficulties at 1 year showed less affectionate touch and gaze during nonfeeding interactions and more gaze aversion and lower adaptability during feeding interactions already in the neonatal period. Infants with feeding difficulties demonstrated poorer psychomotor performance at 4 months. Feeding interactions of infants with feeding difficulties at 1 year were characterized by higher maternal intrusiveness, lower infant involvement, and greater infant withdrawal. Less maternal affectionate touch and lower maternal adaptation in the neonatal period, poor infant psychomotor skills, and higher maternal intrusiveness and lower infant involvement at 1 year predicted feeding difficulties. The findings underscore the role of the relational components across the first year in the development of feeding difficulties. 相似文献
372.
Since Eli Goldratt first appeared on the scene in the late 1970s, his ideas concerning production management have generated a huge amount of interest, controversy, and misunderstanding. These ideas have been proliferated under several names such as optimized production technology (OPT), drum-buffer-rope (DBR), synchronized manufacturing (SM), and theory of constraints (TOC). Although there seems to be general agreement on the importance of how capacity-constrained resources are scheduled, research aimed at advancing the state of the art for the specific problem addressed by DBR continues to be limited by prior misunderstandings and the lack of a rigorous examination by the academic community. This paper seeks “to advance the state of research on constraint scheduling in several ways. First, it presents a concise history of the evolution of DBR. It then explains the use of rods in constraint scheduling. Next, it presents in detail the solution algorithm incorporated by the Goldratt Institute in their production software and, finally, relates that algorithm to alternative methods. In the process of these activities, several lingering misconceptions are resolved. 相似文献
373.
374.
Beeson Morgan Chilton Susan Jones-Lee Michael Metcalf Hugh Nielsen Jytte Seested 《Journal of Risk and Uncertainty》2019,58(2-3):245-262
Journal of Risk and Uncertainty - Monetary valuations for mortality and health risk reductions, elicited through stated preference surveys, have been shown to include values placed on others’... 相似文献
375.
This article reports the findings of a survey administering the personal well-being index (PWI) in six Chinese cities (N = 3,390) to ascertain the personal well-being of China’s urban population. The specific aims of the study were: (a) ascertain
whether Chinese urban residents are satisfied with their lives; (b) validate the PWI using an urban sample that is representative
of the urban population and larger in size than that which has been utilized in existing studies for Mainland China; (c) compare
the results to existing studies for Hong Kong, Macau, rural China and single city studies which have administered the PWI
in Guangdong and Shandong; (d) examine whether the responses to the PWI from participants falls within the narrow range predicted
by the ‘Theory of Subjective Wellbeing Homeostasis’ and provide further evidence on whether this framework is applicable to
Chinese samples; and (e) examine which participant characteristics predict personal well-being, examine whether own income
and/or relative income predicts personal well-being and compare these results with previous studies for China and other countries.
The data indicated a moderate level of personal well-being (PWI score = 67.1). The PWI demonstrated good psychometric properties
in terms of its reliability and validity, consistent with previous published studies. The PWI was within the normative range
for non-western countries and was within the narrow band predicted by the ‘Theory of Subjective Wellbeing Homeostasis’. Similar
variables were found to predict personal well-being to those found in previous studies for China and elsewhere. 相似文献
376.
We enhance understanding of the prejudice-induced "color coding" phenomenon among whites by determining whether racial and ethnic prejudices are associated with a previously unexplored policy outcome, spending on drug rehabilitation. We examine attitudes toward both blacks and Latinos; the latter is a group largely ignored in previous research. We assess the impact of several types of racial/ethnic views, including those that manifest modern/indirect prejudice (e.g., stereotypes about violence, individualistic causal attributions) and those that reflect social-distance-based traditional prejudice (opposition to residential proximity and to interracial marriage). These relationships are examined using data from the General Social Survey. Bivariate results support the linkage between both traditional and modern prejudice and rehabilitation spending. Logistic regression analyses also indicate that support for rehabilitation is racialized: Attributing race differences in socioeconomic outcomes to "structural" factors, namely discrimination and lack of chance for education, is associated with believing rehabilitation spending is inadequate, controlling for the effects of other racial/ethnic attitudes and background factors. The relationship between this measure of modern prejudice and the outcome is consistent with color coding. The implications of the findings are discussed, and suggestions for future research that further examine the scope of color coding are offered. 相似文献
377.
The military has long been seen as an avenue for increasing racial equality for minorities, especially black Americans. In this article, we examine to what extent military veterans also experience residential integration by looking at neighborhood residential outcomes for black and white men utilizing the popular Veterans Affairs (VA) loan program to purchase a home. We draw on data from the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) to examine residential integration among white and black veteran homebuyers compared to homebuyers utilizing conventional loans over three major lending eras: 1990s, 2000–2007, and 2008–2015. By 2015, a quarter of all home purchase mortgages loans to black men were VA loans even though veterans made up only a tenth of the adult black male population. In our multivariate analyses, we uncover a sizeable combined swing toward neighborhood minority-white integration, 14.4% points, among black and white veterans who use VA loans. Compared to those with conventional loans, black veterans live in neighborhoods with 10% points fewer minorities and, white veterans, 4.4% points fewer whites. Our results illustrate how racial integration in the US military has the potential to foster lasting housing integration among veterans. 相似文献
378.
#CancelTheDuggars and #BoycottTLC: Image repair or exploitation in reality television 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
This case study examined the network TLC’s response to Josh Duggar’s (from their reality show 19 Kids and Counting) confirmation that he molested young girls, including two of his sisters, when he was a teenager. While TLC was not responsible for the molestation, their proximity to the family and their relationship with the Duggars led to criticism and thus, a plan to improve their image. Overall, TLC relied on four different tactics to assist their image repair efforts: (a) delayed and minimal responses, (b) reducing offensiveness, (c) minimizing the severity of the situation, and (d) ineffective social media use. We argue these four strategies were unsuccessful tactics. Specifically, their decision to wait two months to cancel 19 Kids and Counting, to air a documentary on sexual abuse featuring the two sisters victimized by Josh Duggar and their later decision to give these two sisters their own spin-off series calls into question the ethical and exploitative nature of their response. 相似文献
379.
A fatigue-related decrease in quality and accuracy of the proprioceptive feedback from muscle spindles in the back (e.g. stretch reflexes) may lead to a deterioration of spinal stability, thereby making the spine more vulnerable to external perturbations. Endurance time, tissue oxygenation, reflex latency and blood pressure response were studied in twenty subjects during a submaximal endurance test of the back extensors (20 % MVC) performed as either a position task (supporting a weight stack while maintaining trunk position) or a force task (exerting a force against a dynamometer). Mean endurance time was 8.91 (± 2.79) min for the force task and 10.86 (± 6.93) min for the position task. This result is in striking contrast to what has previously been reported from limb muscles, and suggests that back muscles are especially well suited for postural tasks. An increased reflex latency found after the position task indicates that the disadvantage of the prolonged endurance time is a deterioration of the afferent input from the muscle spindles that may potentially hamper the protection of the spine. 相似文献
380.
A limited number of species and genera currently dominate the tree stock in streets and urban sites. There has been considerable
and persistent argumentation for the necessity of using a more varied and stress-tolerant selection of tree species. This
paper reports results from a dendroecological study of six steppe forest reserves in north-east Romania and in the adjacent
part of the Republic of Moldavia, where water stress regimes during the growing season and winter temperatures are comparable
to those of inner city environments in northern parts of Central Europe and adjoining milder parts of Northern Europe (CNE-region).
In each forest reserve, tree growth patterns were studied in five 20 m × 20 m plots, resulting in a total of 30 plots with
an allocated area of 1.2 hectares. For all trees, height and diameter were measured and related to tree age by coring in order
to detect the species growth and performance in these sites. In total 23 tree species were found, 13 of which were represented
by 25 or more individuals with documented good growth in the study plots. The majority of these 13 species have very limited
use in urban greenery in the CNE-region today and thus have the potential to increase the species diversity of the current
urban tree population through further selection work. 相似文献