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741.
We consider the fraction of pairs of m distinct alternatives on which a social welfare function f may be nondictatorially independent and Pareto when the domain of f satisfies the free k-tuple property. When k = 4 we improve the existing upper bound to . When there are at least 26 alternatives and we obtain an original upper bound, . To obtain these results we define and analyze the graph formed from the nondictatorial independent and Pareto pairs and
combine the results of this analysis with known results from extremal graph theory.
The authors extend special thanks to the two reviewers and the editor for their comments. 相似文献
742.
Andy J. Rottman Christopher J. Fariss Steven C. Poe 《The International migration review》2009,43(1):3-34
The migration of political asylum seekers into the United States has long been a salient political topic; however, social scientists have yet to examine this process in its entirety and in the context of political changes since September 11, 2001. Previous research shows that humanitarian and strategic interests are important for decisions made by asylum officers but that research overlooks the decisions made by immigration judges. Here we examine decisions made by both asylum officers and immigration judges using data from a global set of countries, from 1999 to 2004. We find that the waning importance of human rights is more pronounced for asylum officers than for immigration judges after the attack on the World Trade Center. We also find that language heritage, specifically for asylum seekers from English‐, Spanish‐, and Arabic‐speaking countries, substantially affects acceptance rates made by both decision‐makers between the two time periods of our study. 相似文献
743.
Pauline W. Jansen Cathelijne L. Mieloo Anke Dommisse-van Berkel Marina Verlinden Jan van der Ende Gonneke Stevens Frank C. Verhulst Wilma Jansen Henning Tiemeier 《Race and social problems》2016,8(4):271-280
School-aged children with an ethnic minority background are relatively often involved in bullying and victimization, but the role of ethnic composition of schools in this context remains unclear. This study examined the relation between ethnic minority background, ethnic school composition, and bullying behaviour around primary school entry in the Netherlands. The study was based on a 2008/2009 school survey in Rotterdam, a Dutch city where about 50 % of children have a non-Dutch background. For 8523 children, teacher reports of bullying behaviour at age 5–6 years were available. Children with a non-Dutch background had higher odds of being a victim (adjusted OR 1.41, 95 % CI 1.11, 1.80), bully (OR 1.38, 95 % CI 1.20, 1.58) or bully-victim (OR 1.38, 95 % CI 1.19, 1.62) than children of Dutch national origin. Ethnic diversity in schools increased children’s risk of bullying behaviour (e.g. ORvictim per 0.1 increase in 0–1 diversity range = 1.06, 95 % CI 1.00, 1.13), with children of both Dutch and non-Dutch national origin relatively more often involved in bullying in ethnically diverse schools. The proportion of same-ethnic peers in school reduced the risk of bullying among children of Dutch national origin (e.g. ORvictim per 10 % more same-ethnic children = 0.90, 95 % CI 0.83, 0.98), but not among non-Dutch children. In conclusion, ethnic minority background and ethnic diversity within schools are risk factors for bullying among 5–6 year olds. Plausibly, reductions in absolute numbers of bullying events may be obtained with tailor-made interventions in ethnically diverse schools. Such interventions should preferably be offered early in the school curriculum. 相似文献
744.
Thomas M. Philip Danny C. Martinez Eduardo Lopez Antero Garcia 《Race Ethnicity and Education》2016,19(1):182-199
Based on a two-year self-study by a group of early-career scholars of color, we explore and purposefully name our role, within the contemporary context of neoliberal reform, as educational researchers of color who are former K-12 teachers. We capture the insights that emerged from our self-study through a close reading of dominant neoliberal educational reform discourses, particularly through an examination of the writings of Michelle Rhee and Wendy Kopp. Along three dimensions of: (1) experience as teachers; (2) solidarity with teachers; and (3) analyses of racism in schooling, we characterize prominent discourses through which educators, researchers, and the public describe teachers and teaching. We name these discursive frames to make explicit the assumptions that are embedded in each and the intentional or inadvertent consequences of each. Finally, we propose a teacher solidarity lens through which we strive to approach our research and work with teachers. 相似文献
745.
Unfortunately many of the numerous algorithms for computing the comulative distribution function (cdf) and noncentrality parameter
of the noncentral F and beta distributions can produce completely incorrect results as demonstrated in the paper by examples. Existing algorithms
are scrutinized and those parts that involve numerical difficulties are identified. As a result, a pseudo code is presented
in which all the known numerical problems are resolved. This pseudo code can be easily implemented in programming language
C or FORTRAN without understanding the complicated mathematical background.
Symbolic evaluation of a finite and closed formula is proposed to compute exact cdf values. This approach makes it possible
to check quickly and reliably the values returned by professional statistical packages over an extraordinarily wide parameter
range without any programming knowledge.
This research was motivated by the fact that a very useful table for calculating the size of detectable effects for ANOVA
tables contains suspect values in the region of large noncentrality parameter values compared to the values obtained by Patnaik’s
2-moment central-F approximation. The cause is identified and the corrected form of the table for ANOVA purposes is given. The accuracy of the
approximations to the noncentral-F distribution is also discussed.
The authors wish to thank Mr. Richárd Király for his preliminary work. The authors are grateful to the Editor and Associate
Editor of STCO and the unknown reviewers for their helpful suggestions. 相似文献
746.
We examine the institutions that comprise the U.S. health system and their relationship to a surging immigrant population. The clash between the system and this human flow originates in the large number of immigrants who are unauthorized, poor, and uninsured and, hence, unable to access a system largely based on ability to pay. Basic concepts from sociological theory are brought to bear on the analysis of this clash and its consequences. Data from a recently completed study of health institutions in three areas of the United States are used as an empirical basis to illustrate various aspects of this complex relation. Implications of our results for theory and future health policy are discussed. 相似文献
747.
This research sought to expand practitioner and scholarly understanding of the relationship between corporate reputation and the bottom line. An analysis of 706 firms over a 21-year timeframe revealed three attributes of reputation – management quality, financial soundness, and social responsibility – made consistently positive contributions to several measures of firm financial performance. Perceptions of corporate reputation were gathered exclusively from U.S. executives, directors, and financial analysts, referred to herein as corporate insiders. 相似文献
748.
María López González 《Disability & Society》2009,24(4):447-459
This paper sets out the results of a Spanish study of the experience and meaning of work among disabled women of two generations, with three types of disability (physical, visual and hearing). Performing a socially recognised activity such as a job is a source of emotional welfare and self‐esteem. Moreover, it confers a certain social status. For the participants in this study the kind of work involved, whether productive, paid and ‘extra‐domestic’ or ‘reproductive’, unpaid and done at home, acquires different meanings, since for disabled women, sexist stereotypes – already more or less accentuated in the culture – social attitudes towards disability and personal factors introduce relevant differences, while leading to conflicts and dilemmas that these women have to solve. At any rate, their sense of responsibility in performing all types of work should be emphasised as evidence of their sense of independence and personal competence, forming a keystone in their construction of a sense of identity and social integration. 相似文献
749.
Annette M. C. Roest Judith Semon Dubas Jan R. M. Gerris Rutger C. M. E. Engels 《Journal of research on adolescence》2009,19(4):812-833
In research on value similarity and transmission between parents and adolescents, no consensus exists on the level of value similarity. Reports of high‐value similarities coexist with reports of low‐value similarities within the family. The present study shows that different conclusions may be explained by the use of different measurement strategies. In addition, we demonstrate that measured value similarities may be biased by a cultural stereotype, that is, an indirectly measurable phenomenon outside the family most likely attributed to shared cultural experiences. We examined similarities in 8 social–cultural value orientations among fathers, mothers, and adolescents from 433 Dutch families. Results revealed different outcomes when using ordinary correlations (r), absolute difference scores (d), or profile correlations (q). Similarly, different influences of a cultural stereotype were found when applying different measurement strategies. We discuss which measurement strategies are best used under which circumstances and which role the cultural stereotype plays. 相似文献
750.
Marisa?C.?Young Jean?E.?WallaceEmail author 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》2009,30(3):305-319
This study examines whether men and women invest in different determinants of productivity and whether these investments affect
productivity and salary in different ways. Hypotheses are tested from human and social capital theories that include more
direct measures for family responsibilities and family-friendly firm arguments. Data from 670 law firm lawyers were used given
they report a standardized measure of productivity in billable hours. Despite men investing more in their careers and women
investing more in their families, both report similar productivity and their productivity is affected similarly by these factors.
In addition, equally productive men and women are paid the same. The findings further our understanding of productivity and
salary and the relevance of family responsibilities and family-friendly firms.
Marisa C. Young is a second year Ph.D. student in Sociology at the University of Toronto. She is currently working on a federally funded project titled “Investigating Neighbourhood Effects on Mental Health.” Her dissertation research examines neighbourhood effects on the gendered distribution of housework, work-family conflict, and mental health. Jean E. Wallace, Ph.D., is a Professor of Sociology at the University of Calgary. She has studied professionals’ work attitudes, experiences, and organizational settings for over 20 years, with a recent shift in focus from lawyers to physicians. Her current research interests include well-being, work-life balance, job stress, and coping strategies. 相似文献
Jean E. Wallace (Corresponding author)Email: |
Marisa C. Young is a second year Ph.D. student in Sociology at the University of Toronto. She is currently working on a federally funded project titled “Investigating Neighbourhood Effects on Mental Health.” Her dissertation research examines neighbourhood effects on the gendered distribution of housework, work-family conflict, and mental health. Jean E. Wallace, Ph.D., is a Professor of Sociology at the University of Calgary. She has studied professionals’ work attitudes, experiences, and organizational settings for over 20 years, with a recent shift in focus from lawyers to physicians. Her current research interests include well-being, work-life balance, job stress, and coping strategies. 相似文献