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761.
Valeria Bordone Francesco C. Billari Gianpiero Dalla Zuanna 《Statistical Methods and Applications》2009,18(3):445-451
The own-children method (OCM) applied to the Italian Labour Force Survey (ILFS) is an alternative way to give information
on fertility for the years before the survey. By deriving children information and the population at risk on the basis of
parents’ characteristics, a large-scale dataset for fertility analysis in Italy becomes available, also to reconstruct event
histories. The quality assessment provided by comparing the total fertility rate (TFR) calculated on ILFS with the official
regional and national TFRs by ISTAT gives us usable outcomes. 相似文献
762.
Arijit Chaudhuri Tasos C. Christofides Amitava Saha 《Statistical Methods and Applications》2009,18(3):389-418
In estimating the proportion of people bearing a sensitive attribute A, say, in a given community, following Warner’s (J Am Stat Assoc 60:63–69, 1965) pioneering work, certain randomized response
(RR) techniques are available for application. These are intended to ensure efficient and unbiased estimation protecting a
respondent’s privacy when it touches a person’s socially stigmatizing feature like rash driving, tax evasion, induced abortion,
testing HIV positive, etc. Lanke (Int Stat Rev 44:197–203, 1976), Leysieffer and Warner (J Am Stat Assoc 71:649–656, 1976),
Anderson (Int Stat Rev 44:213–217, 1976, Scand J Stat 4:11–19, 1977) and Nayak (Commun Stat Theor Method 23:3303–3321, 1994)
among others have discussed how maintenance of efficiency is in conflict with protection of privacy. In their RR-related activities
the sample selection is traditionally by simple random sampling (SRS) with replacement (WR). In this paper, an extension of
an essential similarity in case of general unequal probability sample selection even without replacement is reported. Large
scale surveys overwhelmingly employ complex designs other than SRSWR. So extension of RR techniques to complex designs is
essential and hence this paper principally refers to them. New jeopardy measures to protect revelation of secrecy presented
here are needed as modifications of those in the literature covering SRSWR alone. Observing that multiple responses are feasible
in addressing such a dichotomous situation especially with Kuk’s (Biometrika 77:436–438, 1990) and Christofides’ (Metrika
57:195–200, 2003) RR devices, an average of the response-specific jeopardizing measures is proposed. This measure which is
device dependent, could be regarded as a technical characteristic of the device and it should be made known to the participants
before they agree to use the randomization device.
The views expressed are the authors’, not of the organizations they work for. Prof Chaudhuri’s research is partially supported
by CSIR Grant No. 21(0539)/02/EMR-II. 相似文献
763.
Urbanized areas show a high proportion of non-native plants and can work as dispersal points to the surrounding areas. Ensenada
is a fast growing city located in the northwestern peninsula of Baja California (Mexico). It is the southern extreme of a
bi-national, coastal urban corridor that extends from Los Angeles, California south to Ensenada. This corridor is part of
the biodiversity hotspot of the California Floristic Province. The aim of this study was to analyze the composition and distribution
of the spontaneous flora in the city of Ensenada. We systematically sampled two differentiated urban environments, vacant
lots and arroyos, in 2006 and 2007. We found a total of 158 plant species, 61% of them were non-native species. Arroyo areas
showed higher non-native species richness than vacant lots (21.9 vs. 13.6 species/transect) and could be potential dispersal
vectors for non-native species to natural areas outside of the city, or in the reverse direction also. 相似文献
764.
Reliability sampling plans provide an efficient method to determine the acceptability of a product based upon the lifelengths
of some test units. Usually, they depend on the producer and consumer’s quality requirements and do not admit closed form
solutions. Acceptance sampling plans for one- and two-parameter exponential lifetime models, derived by approximating the
operating characteristic curve, are presented in this paper. The accuracy of these approximate plans, which are explicitly
expressible and valid for failure and progressive censoring, is assessed. The approximation proposed in the one-parameter
case is found to be practically exact. Explicit lower and upper bounds on the smallest sample size are given in the two-parameter
case. Some additional advantages are also pointed out. 相似文献
765.
In recent years, the Australian university sector has undergone large-scale organizational change, including restructuring, downsizing and government funding cuts. At the same time, research from across the globe reports an alarming increase in the occupational stress experienced by university staff. We report on the first phase of a longitudinal investigation of occupational stress. A total of 22 focus groups were conducted with a representative sample of 178 academic and general staff from 15 Australian universities. The groups focused on understanding staff 's experience of occupational stress, and perceptions of the sources, consequences and moderators of stress. Both general and academic staff reported a dramatic increase in stress during the previous 5 years. As a group, academic staff reported higher levels of stress than general staff. Five major sources of stress were identified including: insufficient funding and resources; work overload; poor management practice; job insecurity; and insufficient recognition and reward. The majority of groups reported that job-related stress was having a deleterious impact on their professional work and personal welfare. Aspects of the work environment (support from co-workers and management, recognition and achievement, high morale, flexible working conditions), and personal coping strategies (stress management techniques, work/ non-work balance, tight role boundaries and lowering standards), were reported to help staff cope with stress. The findings provide a timely insight into the experience of stress within universities. 相似文献
766.
Gart (1972) ottered a Statistic on testing the hypothesis of no second-order interaction in a 2×s×t contingency table. The statistic was tn be used as an asymptotic chi-square with (s-1) (t-1) degrees of freedom. We show that this statistic suiters from the drawback that unless certain side conditions hold, the statistic would reject the null hypothesis with probability approaching one asymptotically even in the null case. Hence the statistic is not strictly valid for the hypothesis for which it was intended. 相似文献
767.
Because outliers and leverage observations unduly affect the least squares regression, the identification of influential observations is considered an important and integrai part of the analysis. However, very few techniques have been developed for the residual analysis and diagnostics for the minimum sum of absolute errors, L1 regression. Although the L1 regression is more resistant to the outliers than the least squares regression, it appears that outliers (leverage) in the predictor variables may affect it. In this paper, our objective is to develop an influence measure for the L1 regression based on the likelihood displacement function. We illustrate the proposed influence measure with examples. 相似文献
768.
Stephen C. Wright 《The Journal of social issues》2009,65(4):859-879
The articles presented in this volume describe part of a new generation of interest and vigor in the social psychological study of collective action. This new wave builds nicely on the foundation set by social identity, self-categorization, and relative deprivation theories but also introduces a number of important innovative perspectives and variables. In this commentary, I review some of these expansions and additions, raise a number of conceptual concerns that arise out of these new directions, and discuss more generally some novel and important directions that emerge from the work presented in the volume and in other recent work on collective action. 相似文献
769.
Lydia F. Killos PhD Linda C. Hancock FNP PhD Amanda Wattenmaker McGann MPH Adrienne E. Keller PhD 《Journal of American college health : J of ACH》2013,61(3):228-230
Abstract Objective: Social norms campaigns are a cost-effective way to reduce high-risk drinking on college campuses. This study compares effectiveness of a “standard” social norms media (SNM) campaign for those with and without exposure to additional educational sessions using audience response technology (“clickers”). Methods: American College Health Association's National College Health Assessment questions are used to evaluate actual and perceived use. Additional survey questions assess individual exposure to the interventions. Results: The authors find “clicker” technology to be more effective than social norms poster media alone in reducing misperceptions of normative alcohol use for those students who attended clicker sessions. Conclusion: Poster SNM campaigns may be most effective when supported by group “clicker” heath-related sessions. 相似文献
770.