公民的公德建设之于法信仰的意义分析

公民法信仰的形成受制因素很多,但公民公德建设对于法信仰的形成具有根本意义.法律与道德具有内在的价值统一性,法律必须具备一定的道德基础和道德目的,必须获得道德支持.我国虽然有德教至上的历史,但缺少公德形成的传统,其主要原因是没有成熟的公共生活领域.构建社会主义的核心价值观,倡导人格平等公民意识,通过道德自律和制度约束提高公民公德意识,从而促进法信仰的最终形成,是值得努力的方向.     

互为方法的启蒙与文学

本文从词源学意义上追溯"启蒙"在中西方文化源头上的差异,辨析作为历史现象的中西启蒙运动之异同,并将18世纪"什么是启蒙"问题的提出,到20世纪对启蒙本质的追寻和反思作一勾勒,抽象概括出"自主质疑式"的启蒙辩证思维。又以20世纪中国文学史上的三次启蒙高潮为例,分别从求同的思想史视野与求异的文学史视野论证了启蒙与文学应彼此沟通,互为方法。     

近代西欧历史上的泡沫事件及其经济影响

在经济史上,典型的资产泡沫从17世纪荷兰的郁金香泡沫首次出现后,相继出现了法国密西西比泡沫和英国南海泡沫事件.虽然这些泡沫所涉及的资产不同,但是其形成机理十分相近.无论是法国、英国的股票市场价格,还是当年郁金香价格,都是在很短的时期内大起大落.资产泡沫的破灭一方面时当时的国民经济产生了不同程度的冲击,另一方面也促进了执政者制定出相关的法规政策,以规范对资本市场的监管.     

社会学理论本土化的反思

自社会学创立之初,中国也随后积极地加入了社会学的学科研究行列中,并在当时取得了相当大的成效.由于新中国发展过程中的曲折性,国内的社会学研究始终与世界的主流研究存在着一定的差距.在国内三代社会学家努力提倡的"社会学本土化"愿望中,社会学真正的本土化标志应该在于理论的本土化.但目前中国的理论研究还处于起步阶段,在历史发展的境遇和学科理论发展的逻辑中寻找突破口,应是新时期我们社会学理论本土化的反思新路径.     

犀利的锋芒隽永的语言——试论塞缪尔·约翰逊及其《致切斯特菲尔德伯爵书》

约翰逊之所以成为18世纪下半叶英国文坛的领袖人物,除了其过人的学识、口才、写作能力以外,与其卓尔不群的品格也是分不开的。著名的《致切斯特菲尔德伯爵书》在揭穿切斯特菲尔德伯爵沽名钓誉的过程中,不仅显露了约翰逊高度说理的才智,也展现了其卓越的语言才华。     

语文教学中工具性与人文性统一的思考与实践

一、现象点击语文教学中的工具性和人文性问题,是进入课改以来语文教师关注的热点问题。的确,纵观历史,从“双基”的提出,“基础知识”与“基本技能”的落实与培养,到“培养能力,发展智力”的要求。总的来说,语文教学过于强调了工具性的一面,把语文课程知识化,更多地注意体现语     

墨子教育思想解读

墨子是一位影响世界发展的伟大教育家之一,其教育思想在历史上有一定意义。开创了“义务教育”的先河。墨子在《墨子·所染》中以染为喻,指出人接受什么教育,便会被什么感化。教育的成败对于一个人来说关乎能否成才(济人),对于一个国家来说关乎盛衰和民族的存亡(救世),这就是墨子主张的“学而优则世”。可见墨子对教育的作用的认识是有独到之处的。     

Safety climate and safety outcomes: A meta-analytic comparison of universal vs. industry-specific safety climate predictive validity

Previous research has demonstrated that safety climate is a robust predictor of safety-related outcomes. However, there is little consensus about the optimal strategy to measure safety climate. One of the main issues has been whether safety climate measures should be universal or industry-specific. As such, this study was designed to examine the criterion-related validity of universal and industry-specific safety climate measures by conducting a meta-analytic comparison of their relationships with a variety of safety-related outcomes (i.e. safety behaviour, risk perceptions, accidents and injuries, and other adverse events). With 120 independent samples (N?=?81,213), we found that the industry-specific safety climate measures displayed better predictive power when predicting safety behaviour and risk perceptions than the universal safety climate measures. On the other hand, the universal safety climate measures displayed better predictive power when predicting other adverse events (but not accidents and injuries) than the industry-specific safety climate measures. We discuss these findings in light of the intended use of organisational safety climate surveys.     

A Semi‐parametric Transformation Frailty Model for Semi‐competing Risks Survival Data

In the analysis of semi‐competing risks data interest lies in estimation and inference with respect to a so‐called non‐terminal event, the observation of which is subject to a terminal event. Multi‐state models are commonly used to analyse such data, with covariate effects on the transition/intensity functions typically specified via the Cox model and dependence between the non‐terminal and terminal events specified, in part, by a unit‐specific shared frailty term. To ensure identifiability, the frailties are typically assumed to arise from a parametric distribution, specifically a Gamma distribution with mean 1.0 and variance, say, σ². When the frailty distribution is misspecified, however, the resulting estimator is not guaranteed to be consistent, with the extent of asymptotic bias depending on the discrepancy between the assumed and true frailty distributions. In this paper, we propose a novel class of transformation models for semi‐competing risks analysis that permit the non‐parametric specification of the frailty distribution. To ensure identifiability, the class restricts to parametric specifications of the transformation and the error distribution; the latter are flexible, however, and cover a broad range of possible specifications. We also derive the semi‐parametric efficient score under the complete data setting and propose a non‐parametric score imputation method to handle right censoring; consistency and asymptotic normality of the resulting estimators is derived and small‐sample operating characteristics evaluated via simulation. Although the proposed semi‐parametric transformation model and non‐parametric score imputation method are motivated by the analysis of semi‐competing risks data, they are broadly applicable to any analysis of multivariate time‐to‐event outcomes in which a unit‐specific shared frailty is used to account for correlation. Finally, the proposed model and estimation procedures are applied to a study of hospital readmission among patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer.     

Non-parametric tests for the tail equivalence via empirical likelihood

In this paper, the problem of whether the left tail and the right tail of a distribution share the same extreme value index (EVI) is addressed and we propose two different test statistics. The first one is based on the result of the joint asymptotic normality of the two Hill estimators for the EVIs of both tails. And therefore, we can construct a quotient-type test statistic, which is asymptotic χ²(1) distributed after some standardization. The second test statistic proposed in this paper is inspired by the two-sample empirical likelihood methodology, and we prove its non parametric version of Wilk’s theorem. At last, we compare the efficiencies of our two test statistics and the maximum likelihood (ML) ratio test statistic proposed by Jondeau and Rockinger (2003 Jondeau, E., Rockinger, M. (2003). Testing for differences in the tails of stock-market returns. J. Empirical Finance 10:559–581.[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]) in terms of empirical first type error and power through a number of simulation studies, which indicate that the performance of the ML ratio test statistic is worse than our two test statistics in most cases.