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11.
Social vulnerability and migration in the wake of disaster: the case of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
This study explores the relationship between place-based social vulnerability and post-disaster migration in the U.S. Gulf
Coast region following Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Using county-level data from the U.S. Census Bureau, we develop a regional
index of social vulnerability and examine how its various dimensions are related to migration patterns in the wake of the
storms. Our results show that places characterized by greater proportions of disadvantaged populations, housing damage, and,
to a lesser degree, more densely built environments were significantly more likely to experience outmigration following the
hurricanes. Our results also show that these relationships were not spatially random, but rather exhibited significant geographic
clustering. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of these findings for future research and public policy. 相似文献
12.
Using a large new data set we present results from the first econometric study of the effects of pensions on firm performance
in Germany. We find evidence for positive effects on wages, reduction of labor turnover, training, and profits.
We use data from the Hannover Firm Panel Study which was financially supported by the Volkswagen Foundation. 相似文献
13.
Information and communication technologies (ICTs) are increasingly pervasive and continue to reshape our environment. This trend carries different risks. Therefore, the early sensitization of people to these risks, as well as improving their capacity for protective coping behavior, is essential. Based on the protection motivation theory (PMT), we examined with structural equation modeling the relationships between different components of threat and coping appraisal to explain protective and nonprotective responses. Calculations were performed with data from a representative survey on perception and use of ICT among German residents (N= 5,030). Our findings largely supported the proposed model: an increased perceived threat was positively related to the intentions to react protectively and nonprotectively. Perceived coping efficacy increased the protective and decreased the nonprotective responses. Negative affect enhanced the perceived threat and the nonprotective response, but inhibited protective intentions. The implications of these findings on how to sensitize people to the risks of these new technologies are outlined. 相似文献
14.
Risk management and planning activities cannot be sustainably and efficiently implemented unless being based on a participative approach resulting from the problem consciousness and perception of the local inhabitants. This requires that the measures linked to problem perception and assessment by local stakeholders, above all by the population affected, are known. This investigation conducted in the flat Beninese coastal lagoon areas aims to assess the local inhabitants’ risk perception. The results are the following: (i) the stakeholders have group-specific ways of risk perception (according to ethnicity, social group, age); (ii) every risk management strategy should be based on the group-specific ways of risk perception and assessment; (iii) the acceptance of a given risk management strategy including interactive ways of participation can be advanced through education, dissemination of risk information as well as through communication between stakeholders. 相似文献
15.
Stephen Quinlan Tobias Gummer Joss Roßmann Christof Wolf 《Information, Communication & Society》2018,21(8):1031-1049
Our study explores the adoption of Facebook and Twitter by candidates in the 2013 German Federal elections. Utilizing data from the German Longitudinal Election Study candidate survey fused with data gathered on the Twitter and Facebook use of candidates, we draw a clear distinction between Facebook and Twitter. We show that adoption of both channels is primarily driven by two factors: party and money. But the impact of each plays out differently for Facebook and Twitter. While the influence of money is homogenous for Facebook and Twitter with the more resources candidates have, the more likely they are to adopt, the effect is stronger for Facebook. Conversely, a party’s impact on adoption is heterogeneous across channels, a pattern we suggest is driven by the different audiences Facebook and Twitter attract. We also find candidates’ personality traits only correlate with Twitter adoption, but their impact is minimal. Our findings demonstrate that social media adoption by politicians is far from homogenous, and that there is a need to differentiate social media channels from one another when exploring motivations for their use. 相似文献
16.
This paper is the first paper in a three-part article series presenting an integrative theory of problem solving in groups on the basis of theory and research on group processes, problem solving and decision making. Group problem solving is differentiated into three main focuses of action, namely taskwork, group organisation and socio-emotional regulation. The present paper focuses on aspects of group organization. A theory of the structure of group mental models is developed. The mental model of problem solving groups is differentiated into a short-term and a long-term memory system. Under each memory system, several memory units are proposed containing declarative and procedural knowledge on aspects of the problem at hand and aspects of the group. Based on the assumption that success in problem solving results from the group’s success in solving various subproblems, recommendations for structuring the problem solving process are being drafted. It is suggested that during an initial orientation stage all occurring subproblems be rated according to their need for action and stored in the short term memory system. In the following action stage, the various subproblems stored in the short term memory system should be worked off in the order of their respective need for action. Based on characteristics of the subproblems at hand and on situative constraints, propositions concerning the resources needed for belabouring the various subproblems are established. Consequences with regard to the working mode of the group are derived. 相似文献
17.
Joachim Merz 《Allgemeines Statistisches Archiv》2004,88(4):451-472
Zusammenfassung: In dieser Studie wird ein Konzept zur Kumulation von laufenden
Haushaltsbudgetbefragungen im Rahmen des Projektes Amtliche Statistik und sozioökonomische
Fragestellungen entwickelt und zur Diskussion gestellt. Dafür werden die theoretischen
Grundlagen und Bausteine gelegt und die zentrale Aufgabe einer strukturellen
demographischen Gewichtung mit einem Hochrechnungs–/Kalibrierungsansatz auf informationstheoretischer
Basis gelöst.Vor dem Hintergrund der Wirtschaftsrechnungen des Statistischen Bundesamtes (Lfd.
Wirtschaftsrechnungen und EVS) wird darauf aufbauend ein konkretes Konzept für die
Kumulation von jährlichen Haushaltsbudgetbefragungen vorgeschlagen. Damit kann das
Ziel einer Kumulation von Querschnitten mit einer umfassenderen Kumulationsstichprobe
für tief gegliederte Analysen erreicht werden. Folgen sollen die Simulationsrechnungen
zur Evaluation des Konzepts.
Summary: In this study a concept for cumulating periodic household surveys within the frame of the project Official Statistics and Socio–Economic Questions is developed and asks for discussion. We develop the theoretical background and solve the central task of a structural demographic weighting/calibration based on an information theoretical approach.Based on the household budget surveys of the Federal Statistical Office (Periodic Household Budget Surveys and Income and Consumption Sample (EVS)) a practical concept is proposed to cumulate yearly household surveys. This allows a cumulation of cross–sections by a comprehensive cumulated sample for deeply structured analyses. In a following study this concept shall be evaluated.相似文献
18.
Hagerty Michael R. Cummins Robert A. Ferriss Abbott L. Land Kenneth Michalos Alex C. Peterson Mark Sharpe Andrew Sirgy Joseph Vogel Joachim 《Social indicators research》2001,55(1):1-96
A number of governments and public policy institutes have developed Quality of Life Indexes – statistics that attempt to measure the quality of life for entire states or regions. We develop 14 criteria for determining the validity and usefulness of such QOL indexes to public policy. We then review 22 of the most-used QOL indexes from around the world. We conclude that many of the indexes are successful in that they are reliable, have established time series measures, and can be disaggregated to study subpopulations. However, many fall short in four areas: (1) indexes vary greatly in their coverage and definitions of domains of QOL, (2) none of the indexes distinguish among the concepts of input, throughput, and output that are used by public policy analysts, (3) they fail to show how QOL outputs are sensitive to public policy inputs, and (4) none have examined convergent validity against each other. We conclude that many of these indexes are potentially very useful for public policy and recommend research to further improve them. 相似文献
19.
Prof. Dr. Harald Geißler Dipl.-Psych. Maren Helm Dipl.-Psych. Annette Nolze 《Organisationsberatung, Supervision, Coaching》2007,14(1):81-93
Combining management consultation with psychotherapy in the early nineties, coaching is a real innovation. Its success story grounds on a huge market demand. Nevertheless, actual market observations revealed a declining success progress over the past years caused by two factors. The first one refers to economic reasons since coaching is a high-budget-product and focuses mainly on managers and important specialists. The second factor is a psychological one: many potential clients associate coaching with psychotherapy and therefore react with resistance. To continue the progress, it is necessary to overcome both restrictions. The solution is virtual self-coaching as an innovative combination of coaching and e-learning. It is an online-tool that guides the user through a well-defined path of problem solving questions. This is for many users attractive because of the low costs in combination with the fact that working with an online-tool is associated with further education and not therapy. Our tests have demonstrated that the program is useful for a big variety of different problems and that best results can be expected if virtual self-coaching is combined with telephone coaching. 相似文献
20.