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排序方式: 共有162条查询结果,搜索用时 109 毫秒
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Indira S.E. van der Zande Rieke van der Graaf Lotty Hooft Johannes J.M. van Delden 《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2018,31(5):350-361
Background
Although there is consensus among many that exclusion of pregnant women from clinical research should be justified, there is uncertainty as to whether and why pregnant women themselves would be willing to participate even if they were found to be eligible. The objective was to identify the reasons why pregnant women participate in clinical research and thereby to distinguish between facilitators and barriers.Methods
We conducted a systematic review of articles regarding pregnant women’s reasons for participation in clinical research. We used the PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL databases and retrieved additional articles through manually searching the reference lists. We included all articles that reported on pregnant women’s reasons for participation in clinical research. We accumulated all reasons that were mentioned in the total of articles and collated them to themes, classifying these themes as a facilitator or a barrier.Results
The search identified thirty articles that met the inclusion criteria. Themes classified as facilitators: aspirational benefits, collateral benefits, direct benefits, third party influence and lack of inconvenience. Themes classified as barriers: inconveniences, risks, randomisation, lack of trust in research enterprise, medical reasons and third party influence.Conclusions
Pregnant women report mostly altruistic and personal reasons for their willingness to participate in clinical research, while barriers primarily relate to inconveniences. It appears that pregnant women’s described reasoning is similar to the described reasoning of non-pregnant research subjects. Enhancing the facilitators and overcoming the barriers is the next step to increase the evidence-base underlying maternal and foetal health. 相似文献44.
Measuring Well-being Across Europe: Description of the ESS Well-being Module and Preliminary Findings 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Felicia A. Huppert Nic Marks Andrew Clark Johannes Siegrist Alois Stutzer Joar Vittersø Morten Wahrendorf 《Social indicators research》2009,91(3):301-315
It has become customary to judge the success of a society through the use of objective indicators, predominantly economic
and social ones. Yet in most developed nations, increases in income, education and health have arguably not produced comparable
increases in happiness or life satisfaction. While much has been learned from the introduction of subjective measures of global
happiness or life satisfaction into surveys, significant recent progress in the development of high-quality subjective measures
of personal and social well-being has not been fully exploited. This article describes the development of a set of well-being
indicators which were included in Round 3 of the European Social Survey. This Well-being Module seeks to evaluate the success
of European countries in promoting the personal and social well-being of their citizens. In addition to providing a better
understanding of domain-specific measures, such as those relating to family, work and income, the design of the Well-being
Module recognises that advancement in the field requires us to look beyond measures which focus on how people feel (happiness,
pleasure, satisfaction) to measures which are more concerned with how well they function. This also shifts the emphasis from
relatively transient states of well-being to measures of more sustainable well-being. The ESS Well-being Module represents
one of the first systematic attempts to create a set of policy-relevant national well-being accounts.
相似文献
Morten WahrendorfEmail: |
45.
Johannes Kopp Anja Steinbach 《KZfSS K?lner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie》2009,61(2):283-294
The different persons involved in social relationships perceive the same relationship quite differently. This assumption, called the ?intergenerational stake hypothesis“ in intergenerational relations research, is tested by an investigation of emotional closeness, perception of conflicts, and the exchange of support among familial generations. In these data, parents tend to perceive greater emotional closeness and less conflict than their children. In the perception of exchanges of support, however, both parents and children impute greater weight to support received than to support given. Given that some differences among generations are observable, the fact that both parties of the same relationship are rarely captured in survey data presents a potential problem for empirical social research. What kinds of skewing or bias can be expected when not all perspectives are accounted for? The constructed models indicate that the bias so produced is marginal, thus the current practice of surveying only one side of the relationship would appear to be adequate. 相似文献
46.
The problem of scheduling patients and clinical instruments for each physician-requested Nuclear Medicine study, in a clinical environment, is resolved through the development of a computerized heuristic model. The study schedule was determined by minimizing such factors as elapsed instrument time, instrument idle time, and maximizing instrument utilization. The heuristic scheduling procedure was developed and evaluated for scheduling thirteen different Nuclear Medicine study types on a daily basis. The analysis showed that this heuristic can be utilized to provide a good basic schedule for use in Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 相似文献
47.
Johannes Han‐Yin Chang 《Symbolic Interaction》2000,23(3):223-251
So far, research on the shaping and change of class stratification has remained a territory for Marxist and Weberian scholars and, to a lesser degree, for functionalist scholars. The outcome in the explanatory domain is the production of a tremendous amount of knowledge concerning the relevance of structural conditions and power. Unfortunately, however, the significance of meaning as an independent explanatory variable has been neglected. This article attempts to tackle the neglected dimension empirically, using a revised macro‐level symbolic interactionist approach. Its objectives are twofold: to reveal the crucial impact of meaning on the radical change of class structure in the context of China's economic reform and to demonstrate the potential of symbolic interactionism for studying macro‐level sociological phenomena such as class stratification. 相似文献
48.
Johannes Hrner Wojciech Olszewski 《Econometrica : journal of the Econometric Society》2006,74(6):1499-1544
We prove the folk theorem for discounted repeated games under private, almost‐perfect monitoring. Our result covers all finite, n‐player games that satisfy the usual full‐dimensionality condition. Mixed strategies are allowed in determining the individually rational payoffs. We assume no cheap‐talk communication between players and no public randomization device. 相似文献
49.
Ibsen Chivatá Cárdenas Saad S.H. Al‐Jibouri Johannes I.M. Halman Frits A. van Tol 《Risk analysis》2014,34(2):323-339
Knowledge on failure events and their associated factors, gained from past construction projects, is regarded as potentially extremely useful in risk management. However, a number of circumstances are constraining its wider use. Such knowledge is usually scarce, seldom documented, and even unavailable when it is required. Further, there exists a lack of proven methods to integrate and analyze it in a cost‐effective way. This article addresses possible options to overcome these difficulties. Focusing on limited but critical potential failure events, the article demonstrates how knowledge on a number of important potential failure events in tunnel works can be integrated. The problem of unavailable or incomplete information was addressed by gathering judgments from a group of experts. The elicited expert knowledge consisted of failure scenarios and associated probabilistic information. This information was integrated using Bayesian belief‐networks‐based models that were first customized in order to deal with the expected divergence in judgments caused by epistemic uncertainty of risks. The work described in the article shows that the developed models that integrate risk‐related knowledge provide guidance as to the use of specific remedial measures. 相似文献
50.
Anton Johannes Veldhuis Jane Glover David Bradley Kourosh Behzadian Alma López-Avilés Julian Cottee 《生产规划与管理》2019,30(7):593-609
AbstractAddressing the intersection of two important emerging research areas, re-distributed manufacturing (RDM) and the food-energy-water (FEW) nexus, this work combines insights from engineering, business and policy perspectives and explores opportunities and challenges towards a more localized and sustainable food system. Analysis centred on two specific food products, namely bread and tomato paste reveals that the feasibility and potential of RDM vary with the type of food product and the supply chain (SC) components. Physically, energy efficiency, water consumption and reduction of waste and carbon footprint may be affected by scale and location of production activities and potentials of industrial symbiosis. From the business perspective, novel products, new markets and new business models are expected in order for food RDM to penetrate within the established food industry. Studies on policies, through the lens of public procurement, call for solid evidence of envisioned environmental, social and economic benefits of a more localized food system. An initial integrated framework is proposed for understanding and assessing food RDM and the FEW nexus. 相似文献