汉语中一类特殊祈使句的转喻和隐喻动因

认知语言学认为,隐喻是跨不同认知域的概念映射过程,而转喻则是在同一个理想化认知模型中用一个范畴去激活另一个范畴的认知过程。隐喻和转喻是人类基本的认知能力,也是许多语法现象背后的认知动因。汉语中有一类由动词、形容词或拟声词等加上“什么”构成的特殊祈使句。此类句子在形式上表现为普通疑问句的结构,但在语法上又有一些不同于普通疑问句的特点,在语用上不表示特指性疑问,而是起到表“制止”的祈使句功能。文章结合沈家煊(1999)提出的转喻模型及雅柯布森(1956)有关隐喻和转喻与语言横组合关系和纵聚合关系之间的对应性的论述,认为此类句子的句法特点可以从转喻和隐喻共同作用的角度获得解释。     

当代社会思潮对大学生的影响及应对策略

社会思潮作为社会文化的一种表现形式,反映了不同群体的理想、愿望、利益和要求,具有阶级性、理论性、多样性和非主流性等主要特征,对当代大学生的人生观、世界观和价值观的形成有着积极和消极的双重影响.要正确认识并客观分析社会思潮,加强学科建设和人才培养,深刻把握大学生感知社会思潮的取向特征,以社会主义核心价值体系引领社会思潮在高校的良性传播.     

Shorter hours wanted? A systematic review of working-time preferences and outcomes

Changes in working time have important economic, social and environmental implications. However, research on workers' preferences is highly fragmented across disciplines and journals. To overcome this, the present article provides a systematic review of the literature, analysing 173 studies. The study shows that working-time outcomes and mismatches are mostly studied in a small group of OECD countries, using survey data and statistical methods. The most clear and consistent results are about gender, care responsibilities and current working hours. Among professions, only the medical workforce receives substantial attention. Norms and preference formation are poorly understood, and more qualitative research is essential to understand how working-time reductions could spread.     

Objective Bayesian Analysis of an Exponential Regression Model with Constrained Parameters Applied to Animal Digestibility

In animal digestibility the proportion of degraded food along the time has usually been modeled as a normal random variable with mean a function of the time and the following three parameters: the proportion of degraded food almost instantaneously, remaining proportion of food to be degraded, and velocity of degradation. The estimation of these parameters has been carried out mainly from a frequentist viewpoint by using the asymptotic distribution of the maximum likelihood estimator. This may give inadmissible estimates, such as values outside of the range of the parameters. This drawback could not appear if a Bayesian approach were adopted. In this article an objective Bayesian analysis is developed and illustrated on real and simulated data.     

Sufficient Reduction in Multivariate Surveillance

The relation between change points in multivariate surveillance is important but seldom considered. The sufficiency principle is here used to clarify the structure of some problems, to find efficient methods, and to determine appropriate evaluation metrics. We study processes where the changes occur simultaneously or with known time lags. The surveillance of spatial data is one example where known time lags can be of interest. A general version of a theorem for the sufficient reduction of processes that change with known time lags is given. A simulation study illustrates the benefits or the methods based on the sufficient statistics.     

The Poisson-conjugate Lindley mixture distribution

ABSTRACT

A new discrete distribution that depends on two parameters is introduced in this article. From this new distribution the geometric distribution is obtained as a special case. After analyzing some of its properties such as moments and unimodality, recurrences for the probability mass function and differential equations for its probability generating function are derived. In addition to this, parameters are estimated by maximum likelihood estimation numerically maximizing the log-likelihood function. Expected frequencies are calculated for different sets of data to prove the versatility of this discrete model.     

Inference in log-alpha-power and log-skew-normal multivariate models

ABSTRACT

Random vectors with positive components are common in many applied fields, for example, in meteorology, when daily precipitation is measured through a region Marchenko and Genton (2010 Marchenko, Y., Genton, M. (2010). Multivariate log-skew-elliptical distributions with applications to precipitation data. Environmetrics 21:318–340.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). Frequently, the log-normal multivariate distribution is used for modeling this type of data. This modeling approach is not appropriate for data with high asymmetry or kurtosis. Consequently, more flexible multivariate distributions than the log-normal multivariate are required. As an alternative to this distribution, we propose the log-alpha-power multivariate and log-skew-normal multivariate models. The first model is an extension for positive data of the fractional order statistics model Durrans (1992 Durrans, S. (1992). Distributions of fractional order statistics in hydrology. Water Resour. Res. 28:1649–1655.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). The second one is an extension of the log-skew-normal model studied by Mateu-Figueras and Pawlowsky-Glahn (2007 Mateu-Figueras, G., Pawlowsky-Glahn, V. (2007). The skew-normal distribution on the simplex. Commun. Stat.-Theory Methods 36:1787–1802.[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). We study parameter estimation for these models by means of pseudo-likelihood and maximum likelihood methods. We illustrate the proposal analyzing a real dataset.     

The exponential Poisson logarithmic distribution

Abstract

In this article, we proposed a new three parameter lifetime distribution motivated mainly by lifetime issues, which generalizes the Exponential Poisson distribution proposed by Cancho et al. (2011) Cancho, V.G., Louzada-Neto, F., Barriga, G.D. (2011). The poisson-exponential lifetime distribution. Computat. Statist. Data Anal. 55:677–686.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]. We derive various standard mathematical properties of the proposed model including a formal proof of its probability density function and hazard rate function. The inference via the maximum likelihood approach is discussed. The performance of the maximum likelihood estimators, the likelihood ratio test and its power are studied by simulation. Finally, the proposed model is fitted to two real data sets and it is compared with several models.     

A characterization based on conditional expectations

We obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions so that any real function (x) is the conditional expectation E(h(X)/X≥x) of a random variable X with continuous distribution function, where h is a given real, continuous and strictly monotonic function.