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551.
When a switching network topology is used for constructing optical cross-connects, as in the circuit switching case, no two
routes are allowed to share a link. However, if two routes share too many switching elements, then crosstalk introduced at
those switching elements degrades signal quality. Vaez and Lea (IEEE Trans. Commun. 48:(2)316–323, 2000) introduced a parameter c which is the maximum number of distinct switching elements a route can share with other routes in the network. This is called
the general crosstalk constraint. This paper presents a new method of analyzing strictly nonblocking multi-log networks under
this general crosstalk constraint using linear programming duality. 相似文献
552.
通过对某普通高校非英语专业新生进行的一项为期两年的以大学英语听力测试、调查问卷、课上观察、课下访谈为主要内容的听力形成性评价实验研究,提出了在大学英语课堂教学中实施听力形成性评价能使教、学、评有机结合,明显增强学生的听力形成性评价意识,并在某种程度上有助于提高学生的英语听力成绩,提高教学质量。 相似文献
553.
群体性事件的社会建构和评估过程可以被视为一场竞赛,参与者在其中扮演着各种角色,提供彼此竞争的观点。从微观的角度看,这些互动、冲突与协调都是社会的进程,带有强烈的情感色彩并被角色行为所塑造。风险在角色的互动过程中被重新定义,风险场域中的利益关系得以确认。 相似文献
554.
555.
How to apply Jean-Daniel Reynaud's theory of social regulation to market relations? When applied to the results drawn from fieldwork on the supplying of organic and local produce to catering businesses serving public institutions in France, this grid of analysis shows that organizing this supply chain involves many activities of regulation. An explanation is provided about how hard existing regulations make it to search for local produce. Two contrasting cases show the degree to which the parties involved can skirt around existing regulations and also, use certain regulations to construct new ones. The innovative regulations that enter into application are qualified as being “joint”, since they stem from the efforts of the parties in catering and in agriculture to agree about how to organize transactions, which had previously been done through the work of market middlemen. In that case, instead of reasoning in terms of a pre-existing supply and demand, we have to understand how supply and demand gradually take shape through the process of working out regulations. 相似文献
556.
Cecilia Ayón 《Children and youth services review》2011,33(10):2061-2066
The number of Latino families involved with the public child welfare system has increased exponentially in the last decade. This qualitative study examined one of this population's inherent resources – their social network – and the role it plays when involved with the public child welfare system. Findings reveal that Latino families rely heavily on their network for emotional support, advice/information, and advocacy. Often parents received incorrect or conflicting information or advice grounded on experiences that were very different from the participant's case. In addition, their networks are homophilous; that is, limited to people who are in their same circumstances which limits their ability to access formal sources of advocacy and support. Many parents were also genuinely interested in helping other parents with open cases. Practice recommendations are made as it relates to actively engaging Latino families in their case process and supporting Latino families by incorporating their networks and genuine interest in helping others into child welfare service delivery. 相似文献
557.
Strategic versus non-strategic voting power in the EU Council of Ministers: the consultation procedure 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
This article evaluates the distribution of power within the Council of the European Union from the a priori perspective of
constitutional design using two distinct approaches: (1) applying traditional voting power indices; (2) carrying out strategic
equilibrium analysis of the EU’s consultation procedure. It clarifies why both approaches lead to different power indications, and investigates the determinants of the differences’
magnitudes. Depending on one’s assumptions about behavior of the consultation procedure’s agenda setter, the European Commission,
traditional indices turn out to deliver a good approximation also of relative strategic power in the Council. 相似文献
558.
Enrique Echeburúa Itxaso González-Ortega Paz de Corral Rocío Polo-López 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2011,27(2):215-227
This study aimed to examine the gender-related differences in demographics, gambling measures, psychological functioning,
and motivation for therapy in an outpatient sample of pathological gamblers seeking treatment. Participants in this multisite
study included 103 adult outpatients (51 women and 52 men) meeting current DSM-IV-TR criteria for PG. Logistic regression
was used to examine if gender was related together to categorical and continuous independent variables. Female gamblers were
older than men and more likely to be divorced or widowed and to have a lower annual income. Women became more dependent on
bingo and men on slot machines. Gambling motivation and the course of illness for both sexes were also different. Female gamblers
were more anxious and with a poorer self-esteem than male gamblers and more affected by depressive symptoms; in turn, men
were more impulsive and higher sensation seekers than women and more affected by drug/alcohol abuse. The 68.6% of female gamblers
reported being victims of intimate partner violence. There were no gender differences about the motivation for treatment.
Future research should examine gambling behaviors and psychological functioning and suggest treatment approaches to address
specific goals according to these gender-related differences. 相似文献
559.
560.