Beyond convergence: unveiling variations of external franchise in Latin America and the Caribbean from 1950 to 2015

A growing literature deals with the models that states have developed to reach out to their emigrant communities. The literature covers a wide range of initiatives, most notably electoral policies. In this line of research, we present a comparative view of the citizenship policies of Latin American and Caribbean states using a data set that includes information (yearly observations from 1950 to 2015) of the external franchise policies of 22 countries. First, this paper describes the scope of inclusion of non-resident citizens in terms of electoral rights. Second, we study the evolution over time of the external franchise policies of the countries under study. Despite cultural, historical and obvious geographic commonalities across countries, the analyses reveal that the convergence trend in the external franchise policies developed by Latin American and Caribbean countries is limited to a most general level. Below that level many variations in terms of specific electoral rights, types and venues of representation of emigrants are observable. These variations range from exclusion of non-resident citizens in terms of electoral rights, to full inclusion, when emigrants have active and passive electoral rights in all the national elections held in the states of origin (presidential and/or legislative).     

Cross-domain consequences of workplace bullying: A multi-source daily diary study

In this multi-source daily diary study, we examine the effect of exposure to workplace bullying behaviours on family domain outcomes (conflicts at home, relationship satisfaction), and the mediating role that psychological detachment and affective distress play in this relationship. A sample of 68 employees and their spouses filled in a quantitative diary for five consecutive working days twice a day (number of occasions?=?680). Multilevel analyses showed that daily workplace bullying positively predicted both self-report and spouse-report conflicts at home, and daily psychological detachment mediated this relationship. In addition, daily affective distress was the mediator only for self-report conflicts at home. Further, an indirect effect of both affective distress and detachment on the relationship between bullying and self-reported relationship satisfaction was found. Detachment also showed an indirect role in the association between bullying and spouse-reported relationship satisfaction. This is one of the first studies in showing that negative effects of workplace bullying go beyond the work setting and beyond the employee. Moreover, this study adds to an emerging line of research exploring how daily negative work experiences are transferred to and interferes with the non-work domain. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.     

Relationship between the degree of perineal trauma at vaginal birth and change in haemoglobin concentration

Background

Postpartum anaemia is a problem with high prevalence that significantly affects maternal recovery. Among the causal factors is perineal trauma. However, it is still not known what degree of perineal trauma produces a greater reduction of haemoglobin.

Understanding the links among innovation performance,market performance and financial performance

Innovation and its impacts on business performance are strategically vital deliberations for modern business organizations. In this study, we examine how innovation performance affects two different facets of firm performance: market performance and financial performance. Many studies address the relationship between innovation and business performance, but few empirical studies analyze the interplay between those variables. Research results reveal a suppression effect of market performance on the innovation–financial performance relationship. We find a negative direct relationship between innovation and financial performance; however, market performance reverses this negative effect to a positive total influence through its suppression effect. This result indicates the vital role of market performance in converting innovation to positive financial outcomes. The proposed mediation model is relevant regardless of the set of firm-level and environmental contingency variables.     

Experiences of Violence Among Transgender Women in Puerto Rico: An Underestimated Problem

Violence is a public health concern faced on a daily basis by transgender women. Literature has documented how it adversely affects quality of life and health and in some instances leads to homicide. Considering the lack of research documenting the experiences of violence among transgender women, the objective of this article was to explore manifestations of violence among this population in Puerto Rico. The data presented in this article are part of a larger study on transgender/transsexual health in Puerto Rico. For the purpose of this article we focus on the quantitative data analysis. Participants (N = 59 transgender women) were recruited via respondent driven sampling. Implications and specific recommendations are discussed in light of these findings.     

Harassment Patterns and Risk Profile in Spanish Trans Persons

This article describes the harassment patterns and the risk profile in trans people living in Spain. A sample of 212 trans persons, aged 10–62, participated in this cross-sectional study. Results showed a high percentage of harassment (59.9%) and frequency of daily harassment (12.6%), especially verbal attacks (59%) that occurred in public spaces (49.1%) and within educational contexts (46.2%). Harassment is more prevalent in trans women than men. Those who disclose their gender identities at a younger age experience higher percentages and frequency of harassment than those who disclose at an older age. They also suffer more harassment of different types. The risk profile of harassment indicates that older trans women are more likely to suffer harassment than younger ones, and the risk decreases each year they delay their gender identity disclosure. The elimination of transphobic attitudes and the promotion of gender justice should be priority strategies in Spain.     

A two-phase algorithm for bin stretching with stretching factor 1.5

Online Bin Stretching is a semi-online variant of bin packing in which the algorithm has to use the same number of bins as an optimal packing, but is allowed to slightly overpack the bins. The goal is to minimize the amount of overpacking, i.e., the maximum size packed into any bin.We give an algorithm for Online Bin Stretching with a stretching factor of 1.5 for any number of bins. We build on previous algorithms and use a two-phase approach. However, our analysis is technically more complicated and uses amortization over the bins with the help of two weight functions.     

Note on incidence chromatic number of subquartic graphs

An incidence in a graph G is a pair (v, e) where v is a vertex of G and e is an edge of G incident to v. Two incidences (v, e) and (u, f) are adjacent if at least one of the following holds: \((a) v = u, (b) e = f\), or \((c) vu \in \{e,f\}\). An incidence coloring of G is a coloring of its incidences assigning distinct colors to adjacent incidences. In this note we prove that every subquartic graph admits an incidence coloring with at most seven colors.     

Improving the biomarker diagnostic capacity via functional transformations

The use of the area under the receiver-operating characteristic, ROC, curve (AUC) as an index of diagnostic accuracy is overwhelming in fields such as biomedical science and machine learning. It seems that a larger AUC value has become synonymous with a better performance. The functional transformation of the marker values has been proposed in the specialized literature as a procedure for increasing the AUC and therefore the diagnostic accuracy. However, the classification process is based on some regions (classification subsets) which support the decision made; one subject is classified as positive if its marker is within this region and classified as negative otherwise. In this paper we study the capacity of improving the classification performance of univariate biomarkers via functional transformations and the impact of this transformation on the final classification regions based on a real-world dataset. Particularly, we consider the problem of determining the gender of a subject based on the Mode frequency of his/her voice. The shape of the cumulative distribution function of this characteristic in both the male and the female groups makes the resulting classification problem useful for illustrating the differences between having useful diagnostic rules and obtaining an optimal AUC value. Our point is that improving the AUC by means of a functional transformation can produce classification regions with no practical interpretability. We propose to improve the classification accuracy by making the selection of the classification subsets more flexible while preserving their interpretability. Besides, we provide different graphical approximations which allow us a better understanding of the classification problem.