The effect of children on male earnings and inequality

This study investigates the effect of children on male earnings and how earnings inequality among men arises over the life cycle. We use panel register dat     

Investment, resolution of risk, and the role of affect

This experimental study is concerned with the impact of the timing of the resolution of risk on investment behavior, with a special focus on the role of affect. In a between-subjects design, we observe the impact of a substantial delay of risk resolution (2 days) on investment choices. Besides the resolution timing all other factors, including the timing of payout, are held constant across treatments. In addition, state-of-the-art experimental techniques from experimental economics and psychology are used for eliciting preferences and to explicitly measure emotions and personality traits. Participants put their own money at stake. Our main finding is that the timing of the resolution of risk matters for investment, modulated by the probability of investment success. Emotions are found to play a significant role in this respect and explain our main finding. Our results support recent models of decision making under risk trying to incorporate anticipatory emotions but also uncover some important shortcomings related to the dynamics of emotions.     

Was hat Work-Life-Balance mit dem Protestantismus zu tun?

Relations between work life balance and protestantism. Considerations on the sociology of religion by May WeberThis article is based on the thesis, that specific trends of protestant ethics can be seen as a reason of job stress and lacking work life balance. In coaching, these problems are often important topics. The author refers to the analysis of Max Weber of the protestant ethics as historical precondition of the development of capitalism. This thesis is finally illustrated by a case study.     

Supervision und Coaching im Feld der klinischen Neuropsychologie

Supervision and coaching in the field of clinical neuropsychologyThe author discusses the special importance of supervision and coaching in the clinical neuropsychology. At first, she shows the origins of both consultation forms, then she discusses supervision and coaching as methods of quality management in hospitals as well as their importance for the patients as vocational rehabilitation, before they return into their jobs.     

Preschoolers’ responses to prosocial opportunities during naturalistic interactions with peers: A cross-cultural comparison

The goal of this study was to better understand similarities and differences in preschool children's expression of needs and prosocial responsiveness to peers’ needs across two culturally distinct contexts. Preschoolers were observed in a semi-naturalistic design across rural Mexico and urban Canada, wherein they were instructed to build a tower with blocks. Three- to 6-year-olds (N = 306; 48% female) were divided into 64 peer groups. We coded for children's expression of needs (instrumental, material, or emotional), responses to prosocial opportunities (prosociality, denial, or no response), prosociality without an apparent need (spontaneous prosociality), and types of prosocial behavior (helping, sharing, or comforting). While instrumental and material needs were expressed similarly across both samples, Tzotzil Maya children expressed fewer emotional needs than Canadian children. Failing to respond to others’ needs, followed by denial, were the most frequent need-provoked response in both countries; surprisingly, only 9% of needs received a prosocial response. Though need-provoked prosociality was rare in both cultural contexts, children engaged in considerable spontaneous prosociality which varied as a function of age, gender, and cultural context. Lastly, Canadian more than Tzotzil Maya children denied emotional and instrumental needs (but not material needs). The findings inform how cultural practices may shape the presentation of needs and prosocial responsiveness in peer interactions.     

Emotion-regulation knowledge predicts perceived stress early but not later in soldiers’ careers

Although emotion-regulation competencies have been found to help people overcome negative experiences, such benefits may depend on the context. In the present study, the authors examined whether knowledge about effective emotion regulation would be associated with lower perceived stress in a population with extremely high job demands. The authors studied 492 German soldiers. Results showed that soldiers with higher emotion-regulation knowledge reported lower levels of perceived stress, which was partly due to a greater tendency to use effective emotion-regulation strategies such as reappraisal instead of suppression. When the authors distinguished career stages, however, the authors found that emotion-regulation knowledge was a significant predictor of perceived stress for soldiers in early but not in later career stages. The authors interpret this finding in terms of the context-dependency of emotion-regulation effectiveness. Especially young soldiers can benefit from higher emotion-regulation knowledge possibly due to the fact that they have fewer job resources overall than their senior colleagues.