Transparency and Resource Allocation of Grassroots Nonprofits in China

VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations - Organizational transparency has become a prominent concern for the nonprofit sector as it expands globally. Transparency...     

ON EQUILIBRIUM PLAYER ORDERING IN DYNAMIC TEAM CONTESTS

We study equilibrium player ordering in a dynamic all-pay contest between two teams. The contest lasts two periods, and each team consists of two players who perform in different periods on behalf of their teams. The team with the higher aggregate output wins the prize, which is a public good to its players. Each team has one stronger player and one weaker player, and the two teams can differ in their values of the prize. The teams maximize their winning odds by strategically assigning their players to different periods. We find that when the intrateam heterogeneity in player ability is not excessive, the teams would allocate their stronger players to the late positions as the “anchormen.” When both the intrateam ability gap and interteam heterogeneity in teams' values become excessively large, the team with high value always places its stronger player in the early position, who will place a large bid to preempt late competition. (JEL C7, D7, D8)     

居民养老保险:参保主体、筹资与待遇水平

本文从参保结构、筹资水平和待遇水平等3个方面对城乡居民养老保险制度进行了分析。研究发现,在参保结构方面,伴随着城镇化率的提高,居民养老保险参保人数的相对比例在下降;在筹资水平方面,个人缴费水平过低,其主要原因是财政补贴资金激励性不足,从而需要在进一步提高财政补贴的同时,优化补贴结构,提高对个人缴费的激励作用;在待遇方面,居民养老金总体水平较低、但增长幅度较大,与职工待遇相比,替代率的差距要远远小于绝对额的差距。     

女性异化:论苏青的创作特色及影响

苏青从女性自身批判,即从女性自我价值的失落、男权意识的制约、女性男性化这三个方面批判了女性异化。苏青创作独特之处在于展现了现代女性不仅要承受社会对个体的一般重压、而且更要承受来自以男权意识为核心的文化性别歧视的重大压力。     

制度变迁、经济增长点与县域产业结构优化--以建国以来广西合浦县历史分析为例

文章详细分析了建国以来,合浦县产业结构的演变,结果表明:农村经济制度决定农村经济资源的释放、重组和聚集,对农村经济的发展有重大的影响,进而影响产业结构的优化升级。在一定的经济制度下,经济增长点的培育和形成影响经济质量的优劣,因而找准经济增长点是经济发展的前瞻性工作。文章就合浦的实际情况,提出了未来合浦经济增长点的相关问题,论证了促进合浦县工业化与城市化互动的机制问题。     

"革命"之途:现代中国知识分子的入世选择——鲁迅瞿秋白比较论

鲁迅与瞿秋白分属“五四的一代”和“大革命的一代”,他们具有类似的家庭背景及早年经历;在现代中国“革命”路径的选择中,鲁迅一生坚守文化批判和思想革命的入世向度,瞿秋白则由思想革命走向政治革命并为之献身;作为现代中国的两位杰出人物,鲁迅和瞿秋白的主体世界具有勃郁的中国现代知识分子精神特性,表现出“战士”气质和反思性特征,他们以各自的入世方式承负沉重的社会担当。     

第二课堂英语口语教学的必要性和可行性研究

"第二课堂英语口语教学"旨在使非英语专业(特别是与涉外业务有关的专业)的学生通过第二课堂英语口语训练来提高日常英语会话能力以及涉外业务的英语口语表达能力.文章主要对第二课堂英语口语教学的必要性和可行性进行了论证.     

Robust inference for estimating equations with nonignorably missing data based on SIR algorithm

Nonresponse is a very common phenomenon in survey sampling. Nonignorable nonresponse – that is, a response mechanism that depends on the values of the variable having nonresponse – is the most difficult type of nonresponse to handle. This article develops a robust estimation approach to estimating equations (EEs) by incorporating the modelling of nonignorably missing data, the generalized method of moments (GMM) method and the imputation of EEs via the observed data rather than the imputed missing values when some responses are subject to nonignorably missingness. Based on a particular semiparametric logistic model for nonignorable missing response, this paper proposes the modified EEs to calculate the conditional expectation under nonignorably missing data. We can apply the GMM to infer the parameters. The advantage of our method is that it replaces the non-parametric kernel-smoothing with a parametric sampling importance resampling (SIR) procedure to avoid nonparametric kernel-smoothing problems with high dimensional covariates. The proposed method is shown to be more robust than some current approaches by the simulations.     

A misspecification test for the higher order co-moments of the factor model

The traditional estimation of higher order co-moments of non-normal random variables by the sample analog of the expectation faces a curse of dimensionality, as the number of parameters increases steeply when the dimension increases. Imposing a factor structure on the process solves this problem; however, it leads to the challenging task of selecting an appropriate factor model. This paper contributes by proposing a test that exploits the following feature: when the factor model is correctly specified, the higher order co-moments of the unexplained return variation are sparse. It recommends a general to specific approach for selecting the factor model by choosing the most parsimonious specification for which the sparsity assumption is satisfied. This approach uses a Wald or Gumbel test statistic for testing the joint statistical significance of the co-moments that are zero when the factor model is correctly specified. The asymptotic distribution of the test is derived. An extensive simulation study confirms the good finite sample properties of the approach. This paper illustrates the practical usefulness of factor selection on daily returns of random subsets of S&P 100 constituents.     

Lighting Effects on Older Adults’ Visual and Nonvisual Performance: A Systematic Review

Lighting plays an important role in daily life: It helps people perform daily activities independently and safely, and also benefits their health. This study assesses the research evidence of lighting’s impacts on older adults in four domains: (a) performance of activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living; (b) circadian rhythm; (c) fall prevention and postural stability; and (d) sleep quality. A comprehensive review of lighting studies on older adults’ visual and nonvisual performance was conducted using a modified PRISMA systematic review process. For the first domain, some older adults had difficulty in using the toilet, preparing meals, and doing laundry under lower illuminance. For the second domain, brighter and bluish lighting improved older adults’ circadian rhythm. For the third domain, low-intensity LED lighting affixed on door frames can help older adults maintain postural stability and prevent falling during nighttime movement. Finally, some studies concluded that receiving outdoor daylight during exercise was beneficial to older adults’ sleep quality. This study provides several methodological, theoretical, and collaborative suggestions for developing a more conclusive evidence base for lighting standards and strategies for older adults.