革新开放中的越南社会主义 --越南哲学与文化感悟

越南的哲学社会科学界规模不大,其结构与中国的哲学社会科学界的结构非常相似,长期以来主要依托于前苏联学术界,前苏联解体后越来越多地受到中国的影响。中国的改革开放和社会主义现代化建设对越南产生了非常明显的辐射作用;越南共产党在不断变化的国际国内形势下努力探索和实践着一条有越南特色的革新开放和社会主义现代化发展道路。     

The Effect of Veteran Status on Mortality among Older Americans and its Pathways

This research examines excess mortality among American veterans age 70 years or older during a two-to-three year interval from 1993/94 to the end of 1995. Using a structural hazard rate model, we analyzed data on a sample of respondents age 70 or over from the Survey of Asset and Health Dynamics among the Oldest Old (AHEAD). We found that at age 70, older veterans have a slightly higher death rate than their nonveteran counterparts, implying a mortality crossover right before this age. Such excess mortality among veterans increases considerably with age, when other factors are held equal. The direct and indirect effects of veteran status on mortality by means of physical and mental health mostly perform in opposite directions, and such effects vary greatly in magnitude and direction as a function of age. The intervening effects of physical and mental health status decrease substantially with increasing age. Many of the mechanisms inherent in the excess mortality among older veterans are not captured by variations in their health status, especially among the oldest-old. A more extensive study on this topic is urgently needed.     

关于我国农村贫困与反贫困的研究

贫困是世界各国普遍存在的社会问题。我国农村因旧中国经济落后以及我国农业资源缺乏和农民知识贫乏等原因 ,而形成严重的贫困问题。建国后特别是改革开放以来 ,党和政府领导全国人民积极进行反贫困工作 ,并取得巨大成就 ,全国范围内基本上解决了温饱问题。但当前我国农村仍然存在着贫困 ,并且反贫困工作面临着严峻挑战。必须继续坚持正确的开发式扶贫方针 ,建立政府、社会和市场相结合的反贫困机制 ,采用扶持贫困地区发展与扶持贫困人口相结合的策略 ,通过增加反贫困资金投入、改进金融服务、加强基础设施建设、完善农业生产和农民生活条件、加快发展贫困地区教育、加大农村人力资本开发力度、营造发展经济良好环境等措施 ,促进贫困地区经济社会发展 ,扶持贫困人口尽快脱贫致富。     

The <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-maxian problem on block graphs

This paper deals with the p-maxian problem on block graphs with unit edge length. It is shown that the two points with maximum distance provide an optimal solution for the 2-maxian problem of block graphs except for K ₃. It can easily be extended to the p-maxian problem of block graphs. So we solve the p-maxian problem on block graphs in linear time.     

高校教育管理的“社会化”路径及对策

我国高等教育管理存在着许多问题,主要涉及到学校的教育、管理和行政定位等问题以及学生个性化发展、全面身心成长、研究工作、就业等问题.“社会化”是高等教育管理符合时代发展步伐、满足社会发展需求,从根本上解决以上问题的路径选择,高校教育管理必须通过多方位改革,走向社会化.     

基于灰色系统理论的民族地区基层人才发展策略研究

城乡差距的日益扩大,已极大地影响到民族地区的经济发展和社会稳定。解决这一问题的核心在于农民增收,而农民增收的关键又在于基层人才资源的开发。本文在对凉山州实地调研的基础上,利用灰色系统理论分析了当前民族地区基层人才的现状,提出了相应的解决问题的措施。     

基于CAE分析的汽车通风盖板注塑模具设计

针对汽车通风盖板塑件瘦长形、体积大、形状不规则而易产生注射成型缺陷的问题,笔者采用Moldflow分析了注塑成型工艺 ,设计了热流道大型复杂注塑模具。通过采用顺序阀技术5点进胶,实现熔体平衡填充,有效抑制了塑件的翘曲变形,成功消除了熔料填充不足、熔接痕和变形 过大等成型缺陷。经试模,所制塑件满足量产要求。     

Modifications of the Empirical Likelihood Interval Estimation with Improved Coverage Probabilities

The empirical likelihood (EL) technique has been well addressed in both the theoretical and applied literature in the context of powerful nonparametric statistical methods for testing and interval estimations. A nonparametric version of Wilks theorem (Wilks, 1938 Wilks , S. S. ( 1938 ). The large-sample distribution of the likelihood ratio for testing composite hypotheses . Annals of Mathematical Statistics 9 : 60 – 62 .[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]) can usually provide an asymptotic evaluation of the Type I error of EL ratio-type tests. In this article, we examine the performance of this asymptotic result when the EL is based on finite samples that are from various distributions. In the context of the Type I error control, we show that the classical EL procedure and the Student's t-test have asymptotically a similar structure. Thus, we conclude that modifications of t-type tests can be adopted to improve the EL ratio test. We propose the application of the Chen (1995 Chen , L. ( 1995 ). Testing the mean of skewed distributions . Journal of the American Statistical Association 90 : 767 – 772 .[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) t-test modification to the EL ratio test. We display that the Chen approach leads to a location change of observed data whereas the classical Bartlett method is known to be a scale correction of the data distribution. Finally, we modify the EL ratio test via both the Chen and Bartlett corrections. We support our argument with theoretical proofs as well as a Monte Carlo study. A real data example studies the proposed approach in practice.     

Multivariate Control Charts Based on Hybrid Novelty Scores

We propose a new nonparametric multivariate control chart that integrates a novelty score. The proposed control chart uses as its monitoring statistic a hybrid novelty score, calculated based on the distance to local observations as well as on the distance to the convex hull constructed by its neighbors. The control limits of the proposed control chart were established based on a bootstrap method. A rigorous simulation study was conducted to examine the properties of the proposed control chart under various scenarios and compare it with existing multivariate control charts in terms of average run length (ARL) performance. The simulation results showed that the proposed control chart outperformed both the parametric and nonparametric Hotelling's T ² control charts, especially in nonnormal situations. Moreover, experimental results with real semiconductor data demonstrated the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed control chart. To increase the capability to detect small mean shift, we propose an exponentially weighted hybrid novelty score control chart. Simulation results indicated that exponentially weighted hybrid score charts outperformed the hybrid novelty score based control charts.