A response to “the emotional consequences of physical child abuse” by Annaclare van Dalen

The author responds to the article by Annaclare van Dalen (1989), disputing her statement that there is little in the literature about the emotional consequences of child abuse. The author reviews the pertinent literature, which is abundant. The author disagrees with van Dalen's statement that the child experiences physical abuse outside the body, and with the statement that the child experiences sexual abuse as pleasurable. In addition the author disagrees with van Dalen's sharp differentiation between physical abuse and sexual abuse, and proposes that sexual abuse be regarded as a variant of physical abuse.     

A simultaneous-equations model of the relationship between public sector bargaining legislation and unionization

This paper estimates a simultaneous-equations model with public sector bargaining laws and union membership treated as jointly-determined variables. The extent of public sector unionization has a significant positive influence on the passage of prolabor bargaining legislation and bargaining legislation has strong, independent effects on the extent of public sector unionization. We gratefully acknowledge the research support provided by Minbo Kim and Parisun Chantonahom.     

Farmers,the Practice of Farming and the Future of Agroforestry: An Application of Bourdieu's Concepts of Field and Habitus

Abstract Agroforestry, the practice of raising crops and trees together in ways that are mutually beneficial, provides farmers with an alternative to more conventional farming practices. In this paper, we apply Bourdieu's concepts of “field” and “habitus” in an attempt to better understand the practice of farming and the role that agroforestry may have in farming systems. Analysis is based on qualitative and quantitative interviews of farmers and other key informants in two regions, Fox‐Wyaconda Watershed in northeast Missouri and Scott County in southeast Missouri. Within the field of farming, farmers emphasized the importance of economic, family and rental relations. Important habitus considerations include different interpretations of what constitutes farming and what constitutes forestry. Based on Bourdieu's theoretical framework, we offer three alternative paths of social change that may lead to more widespread utilization of agroforestry.     

熊希龄伦理思想的个案研究

熊希龄是中国近代史上一位有争议的人物。从他所创办的湖南瓷业公司的实业活动中 ,研究他独特的伦理思想和个人特点 ,将有助于人们对他进行更全面、恰当的历史评价     

完善国有企业公司制改造,确保所有者权益

完善国有企业公司制改造,是在建立社会主义市场经济体制过程中具有重要理论和实践意义的问题,就目前状况看,我国国有企业在建立与完善现代企业制度中还存在着一些问题,需要分析现代公司制不完善的原因,这对构建规范高效的现代公司制度具有重要的现实意义。     

我国环保产业的现状、存在问题及发展对策思考

环保产业作为一个新兴产业 ,被认为是 2 1世纪最具发展潜力的产业。文章介绍了我国环保产业的现状及发展特点 ,分析了我国环保产业存在的问题 ,提出了加快环保产业立法、调整产业结构、建立统一市场、促进产业技术进步等我国环保产业发展的对策     

Feminism,militarism, and attitudes toward the role of women in the military

Attitudes toward the role of women in the military require the reconciliation of two often conflicting beliefs: those toward the roles and rights of women and those toward the military. This article explores the relationships between positive attitudes toward women’s roles throughout society, or feminism, and positive attitudes toward defense spending, or militarism, both with each other and with attitudes toward gender integration in the military. Results of this analysis show there to be a negative relationship between feminism and militarism, a positive relationship between feminism and gender integration, and a negative relationship between militarism and gender integration. The results of multiple regression analysis show that feminism is the strongest predictor of attitudes toward gender integration, while militarism is weak in its predictive ability. The author argues that the issue of women in the military is more one of women’s equality than of national defense and that policy discussions should be structured accordingly. She is currently conducting research which examines how women in the United States military employ strategies to manage gender and sexuality. This research provides evidence for the claim that gender is not simply a role or an attribute, but that gender is created and recreated through our interactions with others.     

THE ANSWERING MACHINE POSES MANY QUESTIONS FOR TELEPHONE SURVEY RESEARCHERS

The proliferation of the telephone answering machine raisesa number of questions about the continued efficiency of thetelephone as a data-gathering mechanism. The most critical ofthese is what effect the use of these machines might have onestablishing contact with potential respondents. If individualsroutinely use these machines to screen calls, then their accessibilityto telephone survey researchers will be restricted. A secondquestion is the degree to which respondents who own answeringmachines and are reachable are likely to participate in a survey.A third question is the extent to which the incidence of theanswering machine as a response disposition might vary by thetime of calling and the respondent's place of residence. Thefindings of this study, based on a nationwide survey, pointto a significant proportion of answering machine owners beingreachable and willing to participate. Furthermore, the answeringmachine appears to be in use more on weekends than on weekdayevenings and in more urbanized areas than in areas with fewerinhabitants.     

论李二曲对儒学正统的辩护

明末清初著名思想家李二曲分别从体和用、工夫和本体角度,明确了正统儒学的内涵和外延.他回顾了异端的历史演变,并着重批判了儒学中的异端表现.这对于我们今天阐释儒学的真正精神仍有重要的启发价值.     

英语被动句的翻译

为测试考生对英语书面材料的确切理解能力以及汉语的表达能力 ,在四级考试和考研试题中均采用了英译汉这一题型。由于英汉两种语言在表达方式上存在着极大的差异 ,因此准确地译出符合汉语习惯的句子成了考生的一大难题。本文就英语被动句的翻译问题作了简单的归纳