Group Images and Possible Selves Among Adolescents: Linking Stereotypes to Expectations by Race and Ethnicity

The study is motivated by the differential alignment of educational achievement and aspirations along race and ethnic lines. Specifically, black and Hispanic students have comparable educational aspirations relative towhites, yet earn much lower grades and test scores. On the other hand, compared to white students, Asian youth overperform in their grades and test scores given their aspirations. Focus groups and interviews of high school students reveal prevalent stereotypes that link ethnic group membership to academic ability as well as other skills. Specifically, Asian youth are believed to be especially gifted in their academic abilities, while blacks are seen as less successful in academic endeavors. Stereotypes about Hispanics focused less on their academic performance and more on their occupational concentration in manual labor. These images form the reference point for the construction of success among ethnic youth; specifically, blacks speak of academic goals in terms of avoiding failure, Hispanic youth aim primarily to avoid factory or manual labor, and Asians focus on keeping up with high expectations of their academic pursuits. Hence, I argue that adolescents define their goals primarily in terms of the stereotypical images attached to their ethnic group. Specifically, minority youth focused on avoiding failure defined by prevalent group stereotypes. Moreover, these images maintain racially and ethnically segregated extracurricular activities that reinforce segregated peer groups. Finally, socialization with same-race peers promote comparable conceptions of success within racial groups.     

A control chart based on weighted bootstrap with strata

The study proposes a weighted bootstrap control chart based on the strata and determines suitable weights for each stratum by measuring the relative error of estimated Type I risks (Err). In addition to validating the detection effectiveness of the proposed control chart, this study also compares several types of control charts for detecting the Type I, Type II risks, and median run lengths. The proposed control chart shows superior detection effectiveness in six skewed distributions compared to other types of control charts.     

关于高校后勤社会化改革的思考

高校后勤改革的最终目标是社会化,在推进高校后勤社会化改革的过程中,必须联系高校后勤社会化的特点,坚持实是求是,坚持从地情和校情出发,按照多种模式相结合的原则,走有地区特点和学校自身特点的后勤社会化道路。     

A residual-based test of the null of cointegration in panel data

This paper proposes a residual-based Lagrange Multiplier (LM) test for the null of cointegration in panel data. The test is analogous to the locally best unbiased invariant (LBUI) for a moving average (MA) unit root. The asymptotic distribution of the test is derived under the null. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to study the size and power properties of the proposed test.

overall, the empirical sizes of the LM-FM and LM-DOLs are close to the true size even in small samples. The power is quite good for the panels where T ≥ 50, and decent with panels for fewer observation in T. In our fixed sample of N = 50 and T = 50, the presence of a moving average and correlation between the LM-DOLS test seems to be better at correcting these effects, although in some cases the LM-FM test is more powerful.

Although much of the non-stationary time series econometrics has been criticized for having more to do with the specific properties of the data set rather than underlying economic models, the recent development of the cointegration literature has allowed for a concrete bridge between economic long run theory and time series methods. Our test now allows for the testing of the null of cointegration in a panel setting and should be of considerable interest to economists in a wide variety of fields.     

Efficient Detection and Protection of Information in Cross Tabulated Tables II: Minimal Linear Invariants

To protect sensitive information in a cross tabulated table, it is acommon practice to suppress some of the cells. A linear combination of thesuppressed cells is called a linear invariant if it has a unique feasible value.Intuitively, the information contained in a linear invariant is not protectedbecause its value can be uniquely determined. Using a decomposition approach,this paper establishes a fundamental correspondence between linear invariantsof a table and edge cuts of a graph induced from the table. Thiscorrespondence is employed to give a linear-time algorithm for finding animportant class of linear invariants called therow or column linear invariants. In subsequent papers, thiscorrespondence is used to solve via graph theoretic techniques a wide varietyof problems for protecting information in a table.     

Goal orientation and variety seeking behavior: The role of decision task

This research conducted two experiments to examine the interaction effect of decision task (sequential choices vs. simultaneous choices) and goal orientation (prevention focus vs. promotion focus) on variety-seeking behavior. In the sequential choices for sequential consumption condition (consumers buy one item at a time for each consumption occasion), promotion-focused consumers tend to select a greater variety of items (a higher extent of variety-seeking) than prevention-focused consumers. In contrast, in the simultaneous choices for sequential consumption condition (consumers buy several items at a time for each following consumption occasion), prevention-focused consumers tend to select a greater variety of items (a higher extent of variety-seeking) than promotion-focused consumers.     

The tomboyism of faith: spiritual tomboyism in the cult of Sainte Foy

This article offers a reading of premodern, spiritual tomboyism as evident in the cult of Sainte Foy in France during the ninth to eleventh centuries. It draws attention to the signs of differently gendered and aged masculinities in the female child saint. Martyred at the cusp of puberty, Sainte Foy remains forever suspended in her gender development. Bernard of Angers, in the Liber miraculorum, portrays Foy as a trickster tomboy whose miracles are known as her "jokes." But beyond the historical Foy and the textual Foy, there is a third Foy who is embodied in a reliquary statue with an adult male head. In times of social upheaval, Sainte Foy, whose earthly presence is manifest in her relics and reliquary statue, functions as a local patronus who protects her monastery, properties, and devotees. Her male-headed reliquary further affirms her identity as a holy warrior of Christ who fights to uphold the Peace of God. As trickster-tomboy and warrior-patronus, Sainte Foy hovers at and crosses over the boundaries of both gender- and age-based identities and practices.     

An Analysis of the Peer Effects in Charitable Giving: The Case of Taiwan

The purpose of this study was to utilize the data from the Survey on Family Income and Expenditure in Taiwan to investigate the influence of peer effects on the behavior of charitable giving. Based on the definitions of the reference group in this study, the estimation results suggested that peer effects on households' decisions on both whether to make charitable giving and how much to contribute were quite modest. The study also found that the price elasticity and the income elasticity of charitable giving in Taiwan were larger than those in the U.S., which may partially explain the low ratio of charitable giving to GDP in Taiwan. The earthquake in 1999 substantially increased the amount of charitable giving though its effect diminished after sometime.     

Do Hispanic and Asian Adolescents Practice Panethnicity in Friendship Choices?*

Objectives. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), we investigate whether Asian and Latino youth value racial boundaries more than ethnic boundaries. We evaluate the relative preferences of same‐ethnic, same‐race (but different‐ethnic), and different‐race friends. Methods. We use multilevel multinomial logistic regression models to examine the odds of choosing same‐ethnic, different‐ethnic (but same‐race), and different‐race friends net of the opportunity to interact. Results. We find strong effects of school racial and ethnic composition, immigrant status, and parental education on the likelihood of crossing boundaries in the selection of friends. In addition, we develop a new scale of panethnicity and find substantial ethnic group variation in panethnic sentiment. Conclusion. We find an overwhelming preference for same‐ethnic peers over same‐race (different‐ethnic) and different‐race peers.     

Optimal On-Line Scheduling of Parallel Jobs with Dependencies

We study the following general on-line scheduling problem. Paralleljobs arrive on a parallel machine dynamically according to thedependencies between them. Each job requests a certain number ofprocessors in a specific communication configuration, but its runningtime is not known until it is completed. We present optimal on-linealgorithms for PRAMs and one-dimensional meshes, and efficientalgorithms for hypercubes and general meshes. For PRAMs we obtainoptimal tradeoffs between the competitive ratio and the largestnumber of processors requested by any job.Our results demonstrate that on-line scheduling with dependenciesdiffers from scheduling without dependencies in several crucialaspects. First, it is essential to use virtualization, i.e., toschedule parallel jobs on fewer processors than requested. Second,the maximal number of processors requested by a job has significantinfluence on the performance. Third, the geometric structure of thenetwork topology is an even more important factor than in the absenceof dependencies.