金融支持解决农业水利设施建设滞后的对策建议

通过对大庆地区农田水利基础设施建设的分析研究,指出农田水利建设存在的供需矛盾突出,地方财政、金融支持乏力等问题,并提出建议。     

现代西方政策执行研究的路径与意义

现代西方政策执行研究的兴起始于20世纪70年代。三十多年来,政策执行研究历经了三代自上而下研究取向、自下而上研究取向、两种取向的融合。研究者们从不同角度创制了众多新的政策执行研究范式,促进了政策科学的发展和政策绩效的提升。无论从理论研究的角度,还是政策实践的角度,政策执行的研究都将被更为科学地推向深入。     

Parental stress and parenting in Chinese immigrant families: The mediating role of social support

As the population of Chinese immigrants has been growing rapidly in the United States, it has been understudied on the parenting behaviours as well as the roles parental stress and social support playing in parenting in this group. This study investigated whether parental stress was associated with parenting and whether this relationship was mediated by social support in a sample of 255 Chinese immigrant parents from the Survey of Asian American Families in New York City. Regression analyses with a rich array of control variables found that a higher level of parental stress and the presence of one or more stressors such as unemployment, low income, and low education were positively associated with the use of harsh discipline and parent–child conflicts and negatively associated with positive parenting practices. Social support functioned as a significant mediator in the relationships between parental stress and positive parenting practices but not in the relationships of parental stress with parent–child conflict or the use of harsh discipline.     

Racial/Ethnic Minority Community College Students' Critical Consciousness and Social Cognitive Career Outcomes

A need exists to better understand how racial/ethnic minority students' critical consciousness development in response to marginalization may be involved in their educational and career development. We therefore examined the link between critical consciousness development and career decision self-efficacy and career outcome expectations among racial/ethnic minority community college students. Following social cognitive career theory's conceptual pillars, we developed a testable model integrating critical consciousness and social cognitive variables. This model was tested with 135 racially and ethnically diverse community college students. Data analysis included path analyses and tests of model fit using structural equation modeling. Results suggested that (a) higher critical agency is linked to higher career decision self-efficacy and outcome expectations and (b) critical action and reflection have a bidirectional link and predict higher critical agency. Implications for research and practice aiming to close educational and career gaps among racial/ethnic minorities are discussed.     

Palm snags are a critical nesting resource for woodpeckers in an urbanized tropical region

Urban Ecosystems - Critical resources for birds nesting in cities can support populations in spite of the challenges imposed by urbanization, and the identification of such resources can shed light...     

试论物理学的人类学特征

人在脱离了动物界进入社会之后,在人的生物进化中止(基本中止)的地方,开始了人类更加迅速且不断加速的社会进化,实验手段、数学工具和与之相联系的物理想象力始终是人类社会进化的重要条件,它们为人的认识通向感官接触不到的领域开辟着无限深广的道路。科学认识的人类学特征在生物学意义上的不可超越性,决不意味着它在社会学意义上也是不可超越的,只是给这种超越加上了人类学的形式,和必须投影到人类实践平面上的要求。     

初冬小游凤凰山

初冬,中国东北大部分地区已感到寒意。可是,当我们置身在位于大凌河畔的辽宁省朝阳市却全没了寒冷的感觉。11月8日的朝阳,天空湛蓝湛蓝的,大大的太阳照得人格外惬意。“这的天儿真是太好啦!”我们不时地赞叹着。听到我们的感叹,市旅游局小潘说,朝阳这地方日照充足,常年少雨,阳光总是毫无遮挡地洒落在朝阳大地,不然怎么叫朝阳呢!他还认真地补充到,朝阳的气候在全省总是特别的,如果全省阴,俺朝阳这地方准晴;如果说全省有雨,咱这儿顶多是阴天。换个说法,如果朝阳这地方下小雨,那全省大部分地区就得大雨或暴雨了。说话间,我们已来到了号称东北佛…     

Classification with minimum ambiguity under distribution heterogeneity

The traditional classification is based on the assumption that distribution of indicator variable X in one class is homogeneous. However, when data in one class comes from heterogeneous distribution, the likelihood ratio of two classes is not unique. In this paper, we construct the classification via an ambiguity criterion for the case of distribution heterogeneity of X in a single class. The separated historical data in each situation are used to estimate the thresholds respectively. The final boundary is chosen as the maximum and minimum thresholds from all situations. Our approach obtains the minimum ambiguity with a high classification accuracy allowing for a precise decision. In addition, nonparametric estimation of the classification region and theoretical properties are derived. Simulation study and real data analysis are reported to demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.     

Graphical representation of survival curves in the presence of time-dependent categorical covariates with application to liver transplantation

Graphical representation of survival curves is often used to illustrate associations between exposures and time-to-event outcomes. However, when exposures are time-dependent, calculation of survival probabilities is not straightforward. Our aim was to develop a method to estimate time-dependent survival probabilities and represent them graphically. Cox models with time-dependent indicators to represent state changes were fitted, and survival probabilities were plotted using pre-specified times of state changes. Time-varying hazard ratios for the state change were also explored. The method was applied to data from the Adult-to-Adult Living Donor Liver Transplantation Cohort Study (A2ALL). Survival curves showing a ‘split’ at a pre-specified time t allow for the qualitative comparison of survival probabilities between patients with similar baseline covariates who do and do not experience a state change at time t. Time since state change interactions can be visually represented to reflect changing hazard ratios over time. A2ALL study results showed differences in survival probabilities among those who did not receive a transplant, received a living donor transplant, and received a deceased donor transplant. These graphical representations of survival curves with time-dependent indicators improve upon previous methods and allow for clinically meaningful interpretation.