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701.
CW Kratzik WJ Reiter AM Riedl G Lunglmayr N Brandstätter E Rücklinger 《The aging male》2013,16(3):188-196
Aging in the male is accompanied by steroid hormonal decline, and men may develop symptoms associated with hypogonadism. Increased awareness of ‘andropause’ in recent years has led to greater demand for hormonal assessments, resulting in a rising burden for health economics. We conducted a cross-sectional study to define men at risk for hypogonadism, in whom further hormonal investigation should be performed.We examined 664 blue-collar workers aged 40–60 years at their workplace and determined hormonal status and body mass index (BMI). Men with an abnormal urogenital status and those on medication that might affect endocrine status were excluded from the study. All participants completed the validated Aging Male Symptom (AMS) questionnaire and obtained scores for psychological symptoms, somatovegetative symptoms, and sexual symptoms.Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed a significantly increased risk (represented by the odds ratio) of psychological symptoms for men with low levels of testosterone and/or bioavailable testosterone (BAT). Increased BMI as well as low testosterone levels and/or low BAT levels raised the risk of somatovegetative symptoms. Each decrease of BAT by 1?ng/ml caused an approximately 1.8-fold increase of the risk (odds ratio?=?1.832, p?=?0.005). Additional independent risk factors were increased age and low luteinizing hormone (LH) level. Men aged 55 years with BMI >?28?kg/m2 and with somatovegetative symptoms and moderate or severe psychological symptoms had a 7.2-fold increase in the risk of a BAT level <?1.5?ng/ml compared to men without these risk factors (p <?0.001). Sensitivity and specificity were 75% and 71%, respectively.The AMS score combined with age and BMI provides an easy and convenient method to identify men with probable androgen deficiency who require hormonal assessment. 相似文献
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Elina Weckström MA Visa Jääskeläinen BA MA Inkeri Ruokonen PhD Liisa Karlsson PhD 《Journal of intergenerational relationships》2017,15(3):273-289
The amount of time that children and elderly people spend alone has grown in recent years in Finland. Based on sociocultural theory, children’s development and learning occur in close interaction with the surrounding society, place, and time. The aim of this study is to research children’s experiences of participation in club activities for children and the elderly. The qualitative research data were collected by observing activities and interviewing children. The key factors in supporting children’s participation were common interests in rewarding activities. A warm atmosphere and humor during activities were also found to be important elements in creating positive interactions between children and the elderly. 相似文献
704.
This article provides the first comprehensive empirical test of how women’s presence in politics affects male politicians’ attitudes toward gender equality as an abstract ideal and their personal willingness to strive for women’s interests. Using a unique survey of all 13,000 locally elected politicians in Sweden (response rate 63 percent), we find a negative association between a greater presence of women and male politicians’ personal willingness to strive for women’s interests. However, there is no such effect on male politicians’ support for gender equality as an abstract ideal. We argue that the found pattern can likely be explained by the fact that it may be costly for male politicians to personally strive for women’s interests, whereas it does not cost them anything to commit to gender equality as an abstract ideal. 相似文献
705.
Do securely and insecurely attached children derive well‐being from different forms of gender identity?
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Meenakshi Menon Madhavi Menon Patrick J. Cooper Rachel E. Pauletti Desiree D. Tobin Brooke C. Spatta Christopher A. Hafen Kätlin Peets Ernest V. E. Hodges David G. Perry 《Social Development》2017,26(1):91-108
We examined whether attachment security moderates influences of two gender identity variables—felt gender typicality and felt pressure for gender differentiation—on preadolescents' well‐being. We tested two hypotheses. The first was that attachment security protects children from the distress that can stem from feeling gender atypical or from feeling pressure for gender conformity. The second was that secure children derive well‐being from believing they are similar to same‐gender peers whereas insecure children derive well‐being from believing it important to be different from other‐gender peers. We assessed children's attachment security, gender identity, and well‐being (self‐esteem, internalizing problems) in two successive years (N = 211, M initial age = 10.1 years). Results supported the second hypothesis. Attachment security may govern children's contingencies of well‐being. 相似文献
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Although little is known about the relationship between aboveground and belowground biota and ecosystem services in urban
soils, the scarce data suggests that plant coverage has a key role in influencing the urban C and N cycles. Plant litter quality
and quantity have been addressed as one the major factors determining the rate of nutrient and organic carbon cycling in urban
soils. However, the land-use history of urban soils, frequency of disturbances and abiotic-biotic conditions may largely contribute
to the effects of aboveground biota on decomposition process. Here we studied the decomposition process of different litter
types (labile and recalcitrant litter) in two structurally and chemically divergent urban soils (landfill sandy soil and richer
park soil). At both of these urban sites, a reciprocal litter placement experiment was performed to distinguish the effects
between plant coverage (plant treatment) and litter type on litter decomposition processes. As hypothesized, labile litter
decomposed faster than recalcitrant litter at both urban soil types. Urban soil type however, had a clear impact on degradation
rate of the litter: all litter types decomposed at higher rates in park soil with higher organic matter and soil moisture
content. Unexpectedly, the plant treatment did not affect the degradation rate of the litter although it did have a significant
influence on the abundance of litter-inhabiting Collembola in landfill soil. Our study suggests potentially higher carbon
retention in urban soils under recalcitrant litter producing plants in comparison to plant-soil systems with labile-litter
producing plants. 相似文献
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710.
Abstract Teaching is a profession that involves a high level of emotional labour. This includes such behaviours as surface acting (displaying an emotion that is not actually felt), deep acting (the activity undertaken to actually feel a required emotion), and suppression of emotion. In many professions, this emotional labour is thought to be related to high levels of burnout. The aim of our study was to show that emotional labour has a unique relationship with burnout that is separate from its relationship with the variables of the Demand Control Support (DCS) model. Emotional labour was studied, together with the variables of the Karasek Job Demand Control Support model, in a random sample of 365 mathematics teachers in the Netherlands. We used the Dutch Questionnaire on Emotional Labor (D-QEL) that measures: (1) surface acting, (2) deep acting, (3) suppression, and (4) emotional consonance. In line with other studies, job characteristics were found to be specifically related to emotional exhaustion. Surface acting was significantly related to depersonalization, and emotional consonance (the absence of emotional labour) was related to personal accomplishment. We conclude that whereas the DCS model has been valuable for understanding emotional exhaustion, emotional labour provides an additional perspective for understanding work stress. 相似文献