香港语文面面观

香港是“两文三语”的社会，“九七”以后，社会的中、英文水平俱直线下降。本文记述近几十年来香港社会日常语文运用的情况，探讨“九七”以后社会语文水平直线下降的原因，并提出补救方案，同时消除一些误解．力图使香港社会日常语文运用的面貌清楚地呈现出来。     

China’s precariats

ABSTRACT

This essay offers a stylized account of the trajectory of precarious labour in China over the past seven decades and identifies the various contested terrains constitutive of its politics. I define ‘precarity’ not as a thing-like phenomenon with fixed attributes but as relational struggles over the recognition, regulation, and reproduction of labour. For each of the three periods of contemporary Chinese development, i.e. the Mao era of state socialism (1949–1979), the high-growth market reform era (1980–2010), and the current era of slow growth and overcapacity (since around 2010), I analyse the political economic drivers of precarity – from state domination to class exploitation and then to exclusion, indebtedness and dispossession – and workers’ changing capacity and interest to contest it.     

PR practitioners’ cultural capital: An initial study and implications for research and practice

This paper presents exploratory research into the patterns and volume of cultural capital belonging to 178 PR practitioners in the UK. A survey was conducted among members of the Chartered Institute of Public Relations to establish the levels and types of embodied, institutionalized and objectified forms of cultural capital that the practitioners possessed. The findings differed from the national frequencies and corresponded to results for members of dominant social groups in the UK. The implications for PR research and practice are discussed.     

Migrant Workers and HIV Vulnerability in Korea

Despite a rapid increase of both migrant workers and incidence of HIV infection in Korea, little is known about the relation between the two. This paper examines the vulnerability to HIV infection of migrant workers in Korea, highlighting socio-cultural, political and economic contexts. Major information sources include articles, government reports, archives in migrant-support and AIDS-prevention organizations and in-depth interviews with government officials, NGO representatives and migrant workers. The study reveals migrant workers in Korea face an environment of discrimination and isolation because of their status as foreigners from less developed countries and with jobs characterised by low pay and status. Encountering stress and loneliness and without family support, migrant workers – especially single males, those undocumented and females in the sex industry – engage in risky sexual behaviours such as commercial and casual sex, leaving them vulnerable to HIV infection. Little knowledge of STD/HIV, few STD/HIV prevention programs and easy access to commercial sex compound migrant workers' vulnerability to HIV infection. The situation is worsening and current government policy, including lack of education, largely contributes to the problem.     

Job Volatility of Rural,Low-income Mothers: A Mixed Methods Approach

The struggle for rural, low-income mothers to enter and remain in the workforce can contribute to job volatility, longitudinal changes in employment patterns. This study used a mixed methods longitudinal approach to examine job volatility of 245 rural, low-income mothers across 14 states. The mothers were categorized into three groups: stable employment, intermittent employment, and continuous unemployment. Work and family responsibilities were a continuous struggle for these mothers. Some mothers addressed these struggles through changing jobs, receiving social support, and/or staying out of the workforce to care for their children. To reduce job volatility, both qualitative and quantitative analyses showed that human capital development requires workplace flexibility and social support in addition to the traditional investments in education and healthcare.     

Effects of US citizenship on wages of Asian immigrant women

The article presents a cross‐sectional study on the effects of US citizenship on wages of Asian immigrant women. The findings show that US citizenship positively moderated the relationship between sample characteristics and wages. Higher education (university and graduate school) significantly boosts the wage level of Asian immigrant women who have US citizenship. However, such positive influence does not exist for Asian immigrant women without US citizenship. This finding suggests that Asian immigrant women without US citizenship still face a glass ceiling. Key Practitioner Message: ● Educate immigrants about the importance of and potential benefits associated with citizenship.     

Causes and consequences of childhood poverty in Korea: a panel data analysis

This study examines the causes and effects of childhood poverty in Korea using longitudinal data from the Seoul Child Panel Study. In the study, we find that not living with two parents or full-time employed parents are significant risk factors for child poverty in Korea. We also find that poverty is a risk factor lowering children's school achievement, and that family process factors such as family relation and parental monitoring are strongly related to children's internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors. The article concludes by suggesting policy approaches to reduce child poverty and the negative impact of poverty on children's development.     

宗教战略在美国公共外交中的运作——评杜鲁门政府建立的国际“宗教战线”

自“二战”结束后,杜鲁门政府就试图利用各种国内外宗教资源以建立国际反共“宗教战线”,并为此采取了一系列的外交活动.在“危险地带”——意大利——的选举中,杜鲁门政府在国内动员各种宗教力量开展针对意大利民众的“书信运动”,在意大利联合罗马天主教会,鼓动选民支持意大利基督教民主党,反对意大利共产党.杜鲁门政府开展的实为“公共外交”的活动,表明宗教与政治很难“分离”,并因其能使外交政策合法化而沦为冷战时期美国外交政策的一种工具.