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151.
In this paper, we investigate whether educational inequalities stem from differences between families or within families.
In a poor economy, schooling is costly for parents, and education is likely to be unequally distributed among siblings. Drawing
on discrete ordered choice models, we present a simple method to estimate the between and within components of both the explained
and unexplained variance in education. For our empirical analysis, we use the Living Standard Measurement Study survey conducted
in 2002 in Albania. We explain about 40% of the total variance and find that inequalities in education are mainly due to differences
between families. Differences within families are smaller and are far less easily explained. 相似文献
152.
In this paper, we derive an exact formula for the covariance of two innovations computed from a spatial Gibbs point process and suggest a fast method for estimating this covariance. We show how this methodology can be used to estimate the asymptotic covariance matrix of the maximum pseudo‐likelihood estimator of the parameters of a spatial Gibbs point process model. This allows us to construct asymptotic confidence intervals for the parameters. We illustrate the efficiency of our procedure in a simulation study for several classical parametric models. The procedure is implemented in the statistical software R , and it is included in spatstat , which is an R package for analyzing spatial point patterns. 相似文献
153.
154.
155.
Fran Osrecki 《The American Sociologist》2017,48(1):103-125
This article examines the history of the sociology of corruption. It is shown that from the 1950s until the early 1970s, the sociological discourse on corruption was dominated by a functionalist approach that tried to offer a counter-intuitive perspective on deviant behavior in arguing that corruption has positive functions for political and economic development. Because of a political reading of this discourse, its ambiguous terminology and some difficulties in methodology, it was largely abandoned in sociology. However, this not only led to a change in paradigmatic orientations in the sociology of corruption, but also to a general decline in interest for the phenomenon in sociology. This gap was filled by economic models of corruption that could bypass some terminological difficulties in defining corruption and, building on this, also enabled a largely quantitative approach in numerically comparing, correlating and ranking corruption. The effect was a consensus on the mostly negative effects of corruption on development, a proliferation of the transparency ideal and the disability of sociology to offer an alternative perspective on evaluating the effects of corruption. 相似文献
156.
The Ecology of Risk Taking 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
François Degeorge Boaz Moselle Richard Zeckhauser 《Journal of Risk and Uncertainty》2004,28(3):195-215
We analyze the risk level chosen by agents who have private information regarding their quality. We show that even risk-neutral agents will choose risk strategically to enhance their reputation in the market, and that such choices will be influenced by the mix of other agents' types. Assuming that the market has no strong prior about whether the agents are good or bad, good agents will choose low levels of risk, and bad agents high levels. Empirical evidence is gathered on 2462 firms over 24 years. The results support the model: agents of higher quality have less variable performance. 相似文献
157.
Fran Gale 《The Australian journal of social issues》1993,28(4):285-295
This paper compares traditional explanations given for women's under-representation in union affairs with those given by a group of NESB and Australian-born female members of a large New South Wales union. The women's explanations emerge in sharp contrast to traditionally-held wisdom about women's union participation. 相似文献
158.
François Quiviger 《The Senses and Society》2020,15(1):114-117
ABSTRACTThis brief essay examines the multisensory aspects of the painterly technique of sfumato, first through an analysis of Corregio’s interpretation of the myth of Jupiter and Io, then in the broader context of Renaissance approaches to the representation of space. While scholarship has emphasized the optical character of sfumato, aerial and linear perspective, the last part of this essay replaces these approaches in the context of the immersive character of Renaissance arts and suggests parallels with the dissolution of boundaries between art and audience characteristic of modern and contemporary art. 相似文献
159.
Françoise Forges 《Theory and Decision》2006,61(4):329-344
A mistake in “Five legitimate definitions of correlated equilibrium (CE) in games with incomplete information” motivates a re-examination of some extensions of the solution concept that Aumann introduced. 相似文献
160.
Riparian forests are vital for maintaining healthy stream ecosystems; acting as buffers against nutrient and contaminant inputs,
contributing energy subsidies and providing favorable instream habitat conditions. In urban catchments riparian forests are
often degraded or cleared, removing the ecosystem functions the forest provides. Intact riparian forest along urban waterways,
may mitigate some aspects of degradation associated with an urbanized catchment. In Bulimba Creek, an urbanized catchment
in southeast Queensland, Australia, we investigated some ecosystem functions provided by riparian forest. We found that during
baseflow periods a forested riparian corridor provided energy subsidies to the stream through litterfall and had a controlling
influence on instream production through shading. Denitrification potential of benthic sediments increased with increasing
levels of woody debris and organic matter, deposited from riparian vegetation. Denitrification was nitrate limited, indicating
some potential to reduce nitrate loads in the stream. Riparian soils also showed moderate denitrification potential; which,
through management strategies, could be utilized to reduce excess nitrate loads. These results suggest that riparian forests
provide important functions for urban streams; highlighting the importance of conserving forest remnants in urban landscapes
and the usefulness of replanting degraded riparian forest to enhance stream health and habitat condition. 相似文献