The Effect of Learning Experiences and Context on Infant Imitation and Generalization

Over the first years of life, infants gradually develop the ability to retrieve their memories across cue and contextual changes. Whereas maturational factors drive some of these developments in memory ability, experiences occurring within the learning event may also impact infants' ability to retrieve memories in new situations. In 2 experiments we examined whether it was possible to facilitate 12‐month‐old infants' generalization of learning in the deferred imitation paradigm by varying experiences before or during the demonstration session, or during the retention interval. In Experiment 1, altering the length, timing, or variability of training had no impact on generalization; infants showed a low, but consistent level of memory retrieval. In Experiment 2, infants who experienced a unique context for encoding and retrieval exhibited generalization; infants who experienced the context prior to the demonstration session, or during the retention interval, did not. Specificity is a robust feature of infant memory and is not substantially altered by encoding experiences in an observational learning paradigm. Previous history with a learning environment can, however, impact the flexibility of memory retrieval.     

Spaces of Participation in Pre‐School: Arenas for Establishing Power Orders?

This article reports an ethnographic study of pre‐school children's social knowledge domains. Results show how the children's shared knowledge concerning social status and social differentiation in the group was strengthened and confirmed during a traditional teacher‐led ring game, where they were supposed to choose a friend. We suggest that from the perspective of the children, the game situation may be understood as, at the same time, a space of participation and an arena for establishing the power order. From the perspective of the teacher, pedagogical intentions may be challenged as they encounter and are mediated and interpreted by children's peer‐cultures.     

FDI、要素成本与东道国产业发展

论题拓展了James R Markusen（1997）的基本模型，重点纳入外商直接投资进入东道国对其要素市场的影响，分析了FDI与东道国产业的关联效应以及在要素市场的竞争效应对东道国产业发展的影响。外商直接投资将通过关联效应和要素市场的竞争对东道国产业发展产生一个动态二阶段影响过程：在初始阶段外商直接投资的进入将引导东道国发展最终消费品产业，从而促进产业结构变动；但在东道国产业发展到一定阶段后外商直接投资与东道国产业在要素市场的竞争加剧将阻碍东道国产业发展。     

教学方法的多向度变革——《马克思主义基本原理概论》新教材教学法的研究与实践

为了创造性地贯彻《马克思主义基本原理概论》新教材的精神，课程组制定了“共性中创个性”的教学战略，在坚持共性、弘扬共性的基础上创造个性化教学特色，创造出了“坚持集体备课，鼓励多样化教学”的教学模式。     

国外征信业的发展给我国的启示

征信体系建设是市场经济走向成熟的必然选择。党中央、国务院十分重视我国的征信体系建设,并将其纳入重要日程。但从法制建设和行业规范方面,我国征信业发展仍比较缓慢。这就需要政府从制度上、管理上给予指导和帮助,进一步推动征信业向规范化、法制化、公开化、透明化、社会化方向发展。     

浅谈模特形体教学中“肢体语言”能力的培养

在模特形体教学中"肢体语言"能力的培养主要可以通过开设芭蕾形体、身韵、现代舞、舞蹈创作课来完成.在具体的教学中突出模特专业的特点,将模特的"肢体语言"分为:静态展示与动态表现两部分.同时,特别强调对模特"肢体语言"想象空间的开发,注重学生创造能力的培养.旨在为社会输送具有丰富想象力、创造力的优秀模特人才.     

对社会工作的现状调查与分析——以绍兴市为例

对绍兴139名社会工作的管理和从业人员进行了调查,发现绍兴市社会工作存在人才数量不够、素质不高、结构不合理,社会管理中介组织发展缓慢以及管理政策不配套等三个方面的主要问题。为加强社会工作,应从加强组织领导、健全各项机制、培育民间组织、加强宣传引导等四个方面入手。