日本公共年金隐性债务规模与解决方案

日本在改革其传统的公共年金制度过程中,面临着偿还巨额隐性债务的问题。从绝对规模来看,日本的隐性债务负担是发达国家中最为沉重的。为解决隐性债务,日本学界提出了渐进偿还和设计政策组合的两种解决方案。研究表明,两种方案可解决隐性债务,但会对不同世代产生不同的福利效果。     

西方儿童虐待成因的发展生态模型理论研究述评

发展生态模型是西方儿童虐待成因研究的重要理论框架,但国内对此缺少系统性介绍。该理论认为,儿童虐待产生自互动个体与嵌套生态系统层面间的交互影响,它主要以生态系统理论为理论基础,并以“生态整合模型”和“生态交互模型”为代表性理论模型。该理论具有重要的方法论意义,它可促使研究者突破单因素变量研究的窠臼,并转向多因素共构视角去理解儿童虐待成因;同时,也为儿童虐待治理实践提供了多因素和多层次的系统干预视角。该理论的出现丰富了儿童虐待研究者的理论想象力,可为我国家庭、学校等场域的儿童虐待和儿童保护研究和干预提供启示。     

中国劳动力市场中的性别收入差异:一个社会资本的解释

在当前中国劳动力市场中,有关性别工资收入差异的诸多传统理论解释均遇到了一定程度的挑战。基于社会资本的理论视角,文章运用2009年中国八大城市社会网络与职业经历调查数据(JSnet2009),对性别收入差异议题进行再检验。在阐释了社会资本影响性别收入差异的机制后,文章进一步分解了社会资本对性别收入差异的贡献额。Oaxaca-Blinder分解显示,女性的社会资本欠缺,可解释性别收入差异的12.7%,占总解释量的70%以上;分位数回归分解进一步显示,在中高收入群体中,社会资本的性别差异更大,对性别收入差距的贡献更高,并且女性劳动者的社会资本回报率也显著低于男性;另外,女性在社会资本上欠缺还是导致职业性别隔离现象的重要原因。     

青少年学业压力、父母支持与精神健康

追求学业上的成就,并由此实现社会流动、赢得尊敬和家庭的荣耀是中国文化的传统。但对教育成就的重视也导致儿童承受很大的压力,引发心理和身体的疾病。对上海685名学生学业压力与精神健康的调查证实,学业压力是加剧学生焦虑的风险因素,而父母的情感支持是促进儿童精神健康的保护性因素。因此促进父母对儿童的学习参与是重要的,但要注意时机,动态了解儿童的学习压力状况并提供及时的情感支持,这样有助于儿童的精神健康。     

The Holodomor law and national trauma construction in Ukraine

This article proposes to conceptualize the remembrance of the 1932–33 famine, known as the Holodomor, as cultural trauma construction in Ukraine. This entails the study of how the memory of this devastating historical event became the national collective symbol of suffering with which Ukrainians identify today. Based on Jeffrey Alexander’s concept of cultural trauma, the analysis focuses on the role of political elites and their claim-making regarding the meaning of the famine. Focusing specifically on the 2006 Holodomor law as the main claim of the Ukrainian policy-makers, the article investigates their definition of the historical event, their naming of victims and perpetrators, and their social mediation of famine representations. The article reveals how, through their definition of the Holodomor as genocide, the political elites promoted the understanding that Ukrainians experienced the years of 1932–33 differently from other Soviet nations. The Holodomor law should therefore be seen in the context of Ukrainian nation-building policy, which aims to forge a distinct Ukrainian collective identity.     

Strength in Diversity? Group Heterogeneity in the Mobilization of Grassroots Organizations

Grassroots groups often find that they need to manage issues of diversity along racial/ethnic, class, gender, religious, and/or citizenship lines, among several other axes of difference. There are strong reasons to expect that diversity is a benefit to such groups, especially in terms of coalition breadth and the widely held expectation that internal heterogeneity helps organizations to resolve collective action dilemmas. Nonetheless, a long tradition within sociological research sets out the expectation that group heterogeneity thwarts the formation of collective identities and group solidarity, and therefore limits the potential for effective organizing. With a particular emphasis on groups active in local community‐based organizing since the 1970s, we review studies on a variety of features of group diversity and their effects on mobilizing processes. We find that although researchers remain somewhat divided on these critical issues, the preponderance of evidence suggests that managing diversity poses significant challenges for grassroots organizing efforts. While these challenges may not easily be overcome, we point to a variety of cases in which group differences offered a significant asset to social change efforts.     

试论无过错配偶方之法律救济——从夫妻忠实义务谈起

随着市场经济的发展,居民收入差距逐渐拉大,社会传统的性道德观念下降,"通奸"、"包二奶"等热各种不文明现象增加,严重扰乱正常的婚姻秩序.针对此现象,我国婚姻法规定夫妻之间有相互忠实的义务,那么无过错配偶方通过法律渠道寻求救济就成为司法实践迫切需要解决的问题.     

A simpler PTAS for connected <Emphasis Type="Italic">k</Emphasis>-path vertex cover in homogeneous wireless sensor network

Because of its application in the field of security in wireless sensor networks, k-path vertex cover (\(\hbox {VCP}_k\)) has received a lot of attention in recent years. Given a graph \(G=(V,E)\), a vertex set \(C\subseteq V\) is a k-path vertex cover (\(\hbox {VCP}_k\)) of G if every path on k vertices has at least one vertex in C, and C is a connected k-path vertex cover of G (\(\hbox {CVCP}_k\)) if furthermore the subgraph of G induced by C is connected. A homogeneous wireless sensor network can be modeled as a unit disk graph. This paper presents a new PTAS for \(\hbox {MinCVCP}_k\) on unit disk graphs. Compared with previous PTAS given by Liu et al., our method not only simplifies the algorithm and reduces the time-complexity, but also simplifies the analysis by a large amount.     

Chinese and Americans Agree on What Is Fair,but Disagree on What Is Best in Societal Decisions Affecting Health and Safety Risks

Through surveys of students and junior professionals and interviews with business and government executives, we studied Chinese choices and fairness perceptions in risky health and safety decisions. The survey responses were compared with American responses from an earlier study by Keller and Sarin.The survey results show that the American and Chinese respondents had similar fairness perceptions, but the Chinese did not make decisions that were consistent with their fairness perceptions, whereas the Americans did. We found that the middle-age Chinese professionals tended to make choices that were more different from the Americans than were the choices of the young Chinese management students. It is likely that these discrepancies were caused by cultural differences, with the younger Chinese tending to face a stronger Western influence.The insights from the survey results were enriched by interviews that revealed fairness perceptions of Chinese business and government executives. A framework to interpret cultural influences on decision making was also proposed.     

国内外交通影响分析比较研究

总结国内外交通影响评价方法。通过对美国交通影响评价的分析，从分析目的、作用、方法、基础理论四方面提出适合我国交通影响分析一般方法的特点，并对交通影响评价在协调城市交通和土地利用关系的定位进行研究：