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921.
    
Victimizations from online and offline violence, such as sibling violence, school violence and witness of family violence, both have negative associations with victims' mental health and may share similar individual and family characteristics. This study aims to explore the common and differentiated characteristics in the prediction of school, cyber and family victimization and whether there are unique associations within these victimization types. We employed a two-stage stratified sampling method to collect a representative sample of 5567 children aged 3–17 from a cross-sectional, school-based survey in Hong Kong. Results showed that all types of child victimization, including sibling, school and cyberbullying, as well as the witness of violence at home, were positively correlated with each other. Children's age was positively related to the occurrence and cooccurrence of all types of child victimization. Frequent family residential mobility and parents' higher education level were positively related to all types of children's victimization. The scores of all aspects of children's paediatric quality of life were found negatively related to children's school victimization. This study provides insight into the unique and shared elements of children's online and offline victimization. Knowledge of the distinguished familial gradients of child victimization at home and beyond could benefit the development of child victimization prevention.  相似文献   
922.
    
The COVID-19 pandemic has taken most part of the world by surprise. The orders of nationwide movement control and social distancing by the Malaysian authority to curb the spread of the airborne virus have sent working-class families into a novel work-from-home condition. This study aimed to examine the association between positive experiences in parent–child relationships, parental stress and working parents' psychological well-being in Malaysia during the pandemic by considering the mediating role of parental stress and the moderating role of parental gender role. A total of 214 working-from-home parents (Mage = 46.39; SDage = 9.06; 51.9% working mothers; 76.6% Chinese) participated in a cross-sectional quantitative online survey. A significant positive relationship was found between parent–child relationships and parents' psychological well-being. Parental stress was negatively correlated with parent–child relationships and parents' psychological well-being. Meanwhile, parental stress significantly mediates the link between parent–child relationships and parents' psychological well-being. Besides, parental gender role was found to be a significant moderator where fathers experience better psychological well-being when they have more positive parent–child relationships. The findings further support the importance of positive interaction between parents and children and parental stress, which could affect parents' psychological well-being. This study may fill a knowledge gap by providing an overview of working parents' psychological well-being in their experience of working from home during the pandemic.  相似文献   
923.
刘志东  姜玲 《管理科学》2017,30(1):146-159
 近年来交易成本和流动性对于股票资产的预期收益或定价影响受到学术界和业界的关注,期货市场的各种交易产生大量数据,这些数据中隐藏着重要的信息,但采用逐笔高频交易数据对期货市场交易成本、流动性和资产定价问题进行系统研究的比较少,对期货市场交易成本和流动性的内涵、特征、度量方法,以及交易成本和流动性在期货资产定价中的作用等问题有待深入探讨。       从序贯交易模型的视角,基于贝叶斯参数估计方法及逐笔高频交易数据和每日收盘价格数据测量期货市场的交易成本,对不同交易成本和流动性测量方法进行比较研究,探讨各种交易成本与流动性的相互关系,选出合适的流动性测量方法。同时,从逐笔高频交易数据存在报价离散化、价格聚集和非对称信息等方面对交易成本模型修正和扩展。将交易成本与真实收益率结合并考虑市场规模和周内效应的作用,构建期货市场资产定价模型,从中国期货市场选取不同品种的主力合约数据进行实证研究。       研究结果表明,基于贝叶斯参数估计和逐笔高频交易数据的交易成本的测量方法具有明显的优点,可以克服传统基于矩估计交易成本测量交易成本的不足,更适合用来作为流动性的代理变量。①订单对价格存在比较显著的冲击现象,这些冲击表明私人信息被包含在这些合约的交易里。②基于完整模型的交易成本更适合用来作为流动性的代理变量,与定义法的流行性成本估计值的相关系数更高,基于逐笔高频交易数据和完整模型的交易成本是最优的流动性的代理变量。③交易成本确实被包含在超额收益中,总体来说,交易成本对资产收益率的影响具有比较明显的周内效应。因此,流动性对投资期货的收益率有很大贡献,为了达到更高的收益,通常需要为获得好的流动性而付出更高的代价。       从序贯交易模型的视角,基于贝叶斯参数估计方法和逐笔高频交易数据测量期货市场的交易成本,有助于市场参与主体更好地认识和分析期货市场的交易成本、流动性和资产收益之间的关系,对市场监管机构有效评估市场质量、设计合理的期货市场交易制度、有效降低市场交易者的交易成本、增强期货市场流动性、提高市场运行效率具有一定的参考价值。  相似文献   
924.
    
This study explored whether and how family relationships and social connections influence depressive symptoms of older migrants and older adults in transnational families using the data gathered from a cross-sectional survey in Los Angeles, California, United States, and Beijing, China. Regression results showed that the older migrants reported significantly higher levels of depression than the elders in transnational families. The findings highlight the importance of maintaining close family relations and having large friendship networks for older adults in international migrant families.  相似文献   
925.
    
In modeling disease transmission, contacts are assumed to have different infection rates. A proper simulation must model the heterogeneity in the transmission rates. In this article, we present a computationally efficient algorithm that can be applied to a population with heterogeneous transmission rates. We conducted a simulation study to show that the algorithm is more efficient than other algorithms for sampling the disease transmission in a subset of the heterogeneous population. We use a valid stochastic model of pandemic influenza to illustrate the algorithm and to estimate the overall infection attack rates of influenza A (H1N1) in a Canadian city.  相似文献   
926.
927.
    
This study extends Flores et al.'s ( 2006 ) 36‐year analysis of racial/ethnic minority (REM) career research to identify recent trends in choice of topics and leading individual and institutional contributors. The authors identified 166 articles on REM career research published from 2005 to 2015 in the Journal of Vocational Behavior, The Career Development Quarterly, the Journal of Career Assessment, and the Journal of Career Development. Of these studies, 92% were empirical, with more than three quarters of these using quantitative rather than qualitative methodology. Most frequently, the empirical studies (n = 153) were based on samples of high school (30.7%) or undergraduate (34.6%) students. The authors discuss the implications of their findings and suggest ways to expand REM career research in the future.  相似文献   
928.
    
Guided by Cantor’s social care model, this study identified individual, family, and social support factors that influence urban older adults’ need for home- and community-based services, including medical and rehabilitation, instrumental care and support, and psychosocial services. The data were extracted from the Sample Survey on Aged Population in Urban/Rural China conducted by the China Research Center on Aging in 2006. Results from multiple logistic regression show that older adults’ need for medical and rehabilitation services is significantly related to instrumental activities of daily living, depression, not having filial children, friend support networks, and having a confidant. Older adults’ need for instrumental care and support is related to their educational attainment, financial strain, instrumental activities of daily living, not living with children, and friend support networks. Finally, older adults’ need for psychosocial services is significantly related to educational attainment, depression, not being married, friend support networks, and having a confidant. Implications for social service development are discussed.  相似文献   
929.
    
The term “biodiversity” is often used to describe phenomena of nature, which can be studied without a reference to the socially constructed, evaluative, or indeed normative contexts. In our paper, we challenge this conception by focusing particularly on methodological aspects of biodiversity research. We thereby engage with the idea of interdisciplinary biodiversity research as a scientific approach directed at the recognition and management of contemporary society in its ecological embedding. By doing this, we explore how research on and assessments of biodiversity can be enhanced if meaning, aspiration, desires, and related aspects of agency are methodically taken into account. In six sections, we substantiate our claim that the discourse on biodiversity (including the IPBES (Intergovernmental science-policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) debate) is incomplete without contributions from the social sciences and humanities. In the introduction, a brief overview of biodiversity’s conceptual history is provided showing that “biodiversity” is a lexical invention intended to create a strong political momentum. However, that does not impede its usability as a research concept. Section 2 examines the origins of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) by way of sociological discourse analysis. Subsequently, it proposes a matrix as a means to structure the ambiguities and tensions inherent in the CBD. The matrix reemphasizes our main thesis regarding the need to bring social and ethical expertise to the biodiversity discourse. In Section 3, we offer a brief sketch of the different methods of the natural and social sciences as well as ethics. This lays the groundwork for our Section 4, which explains and illustrates what social sciences and ethics can contribute to biodiversity research. Section 5 turns from research to politics and argues that biodiversity governance necessitates deliberative discourses in which participation of lay people plays an important role. Section 6 provides our conclusions.  相似文献   
930.
    
ABSTRACT

The present study examined the influence of acculturation level and family relationships (i.e., positive family support and negative family strain) on quality of life (QOL), using the data from the Population Study of ChINese Elderly (PINE) in Chicago (= 3159). Controlling for sociodemographic variables and health status, it was found that individuals’ acculturation level and positive family support were positively related to QOL, whereas negative family strain was negatively associated with QOL. More importantly, higher acculturation levels were associated with increased protective effects of positive family support and reduced risk effects of negative family strain on QOL among U.S. Chinese older adults.  相似文献   
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