中国区域经济理论演进与未来展望

中国区域经济70年的发展离不开科学有效的区域经济理论支撑。在服务区域经济发展现实与借鉴国外区域经济理论方法的基础上,中国区域经济理论的演进呈现以解决现实问题为导向的阶段性特征,逐渐形成了"引进-吸收-消化-创新"的发展模式。中国区域经济理论在研究视角、研究范式、研究内容及发展模式等方面表现出不同于西方区域经济理论的差异性特征。面对跨越中等收入陷阱与区域经济高质量发展的现实要求,中国区域经济理论研究未来将在学科融合、假设前提、研究范畴、研究机制与区域政策等方面取得突破性进展。此外,本文还对"十四五"时期中国区域经济理论研究进行了展望。     

汇率货币模型的非线性协整关系检验——基于深度GRU神经网络

本文采用深度门控循环单元(GRU)神经网络探讨三种汇率货币模型(弹性价格、前瞻性和实际利率差模型)的非线性协整关系。GRU技术在深度学习中具有智能记忆、自主学习和强逼近能力等优点。为此,本文运用该技术对6组典型浮动汇率制国别数据进行了非线性Johansen协整检验。结果表明,汇率与宏观经济基本面之间存在非线性协整关系,从而说明了货币模型在非线性条件下的有效性,以及先进的深度学习工具在检验经济理论中的优势。     

A probabilistic transmission and population dynamic model to assess tuberculosis infection risk

The purpose of this study was to examine tuberculosis (TB) population dynamics and to assess potential infection risk in Taiwan. A well‐established mathematical model of TB transmission built on previous models was adopted to study the potential impact of TB transmission. A probabilistic risk model was also developed to estimate site‐specific risks of developing disease soon after recent primary infection, exogenous reinfection, or through endogenous reactivation (latently infected TB) among Taiwan regions. Here, we showed that the proportion of endogenous reactivation (53–67%) was larger than that of exogenous reinfection (32–47%). Our simulations showed that as epidemic reaches a steady state, age distribution of cases would finally shift toward older age groups dominated by latently infected TB cases as a result of endogenous reactivation. A comparison of age‐weighted TB incidence data with our model simulation output with 95% credible intervals revealed that the predictions were in an apparent agreement with observed data. The median value of overall basic reproduction number (R₀) in eastern Taiwan ranged from 1.65 to 1.72, whereas northern Taiwan had the lowest R₀ estimate of 1.50. We found that total TB incidences in eastern Taiwan had 25–27% probabilities of total proportion of infected population exceeding 90%, whereas there were 36–66% probabilities having exceeded 20% of total proportion of infected population attributed to latently infected TB. We suggested that our Taiwan‐based analysis can be extended to the context of developing countries, where TB remains a substantial cause of elderly morbidity and mortality.     

金字塔持股结构与资本结构——基于中国上市企业面板数据的研究

本文利用我国上市家族企业2007-2009年面板数据检验了金字塔式持股结构与资本结构的关系。结果表明,家族企业终极控股股东构建不同类型的金字塔结构对上市公司资本结构产生不同的影响:相对于非分离的金字塔式持股结构,终极控股股东构建分离型金字塔式持股结构,使得上市公司更倾向选择较高的负债水平;相对于单链条金字塔式持股结构,终极控制人通过构建多链条金字塔式持股结构,使上市公司更倾向于从集团内部融入更多的资金;另外研究显示,两权分离程度与公司负债水平呈正相关关系;而金字塔结构越复杂,上市公司将从集团内部融入越多的资金。     

Competitive and Collaborative Quality and Warranty Management in Supply Chains

Product quality and product warranty coverage are two important and closely related operational decisions. A longer warranty protection period can boost sales, but it may also result in dramatically increased warranty cost, if product quality is poor. To investigate how these two decisions interact with each other and influence supply chain performance, we develop a single‐period model with a supplier that provides a product to an original equipment manufacturer, which in turn sells it to customers. Customer demand is random and affected by the length of the product warranty period. Warranty costs are incurred by both the supplier and the manufacturer. We analyze two different scenarios based on which party sets the warranty period: manufacturer warranty and supplier warranty. Product quality is controlled by the supplier, and the manufacturer determines the ordering quantity. We analyze these decentralized systems and provide the structural properties of the equilibrium strategies. We also compare the results of centralized and decentralized systems and identify the conditions under which one system provides a longer warranty and better product quality than the other. Our numerical study further shows that, in decentralized settings, when the warranty period is determined by the firm sharing the larger proportion of total warranty costs, the supply chain can achieve greater system‐wide profit. Both parties can therefore benefit from properly delegating the warranty decision and sharing the resulting additional profit. We further design a supplier‐development and buy‐back contract for coordinating decentralized supply chains. Several extensions are also discussed.     

低碳背景下制造业商业模式创新策略研究——以卡特彼勒公司为例

低碳经济要求制造企业克服经济增长与环境超载之间的矛盾,但在传统商业模式下往往无法达到"双赢"。本文以战略分析和创新理论为依据,论述了低碳约束下制造业商业模式创新的驱动因素、作用机理以及创新要素,设计了理论框架,在此基础上探讨了低碳背景下商业模式创新的难点,提出了三方面的创新策略,并通过对卡特彼勒的案例分析验证了上述策略。结果表明:制造业可以通过改造价值链以建立逆向供应链、增强服务以及构建低碳技术壁垒的方式实现商业模式创新。研究在一定程度上丰富了相关学术成果,为我国现代制造业顺应低碳经济需求提供了具有可操作性的指导。     

国际运输通道与中国进出口增长——来自中欧班列的证据

中欧班列是运行于欧亚大陆上的陆路贸易新通道和跨国货运合作新机制。在中国建设贸易强国和扩大向西开放背景下,中欧班列为研究国际运输通道对中国进出口的影响,提供了合适的准自然实验样本。本文利用2004~2017年中国城市层面的贸易数据、中欧班列数据等,采用双重差分方法识别了中欧班列开通的贸易增长效应。结果发现,相较于未开通中欧班列的城市,开通城市的出口和进口均显著增长;补贴激励是中欧班列贸易增长效应的中间机制,并主要通过铁路、公路和水路的物流规模增长实现传导作用;在没有班列补贴情况下,班列开行数量增加仍可促进开通城市进出口增长;市场引力对开通城市进出口增长有显著传导作用;中西部城市及经济发展水平较低的城市,开通中欧班列的进出口增长效应显著更大。本研究为我国推进中欧班列发展和建设国际运输通道提供了有益的政策启示。     

破解颠覆性技术创新的跨界网络治理路径——基于百度Apollo自动驾驶开放平台的案例研究

本文以百度Apollo自动驾驶开放平台为案例研究对象,研究了平台以跨界网络治理驱动颠覆性技术创新的演进过程及其内在机制,研究发现:(1)跨界平台网络是不同于单个企业的新型技术创新组织载体,可以通过技术网络丰富、市场网络丰富和两个网络价值共创的继起性演进在驱动颠覆性技术创新中发挥重要作用;(2)在跨界网络驱动颠覆性技术创新的不同时期,为解决技术与市场不确定性高以及网络参与者关系复杂等难题,平台可以通过网络治理路径的选择促进颠覆性创新的不同过程与结果,在技术网络丰富期,平台可以通过内容治理与关系治理促进技术的内容颠覆与结构颠覆;在市场网络丰富期,可以通过价值治理与关系治理促进市场的价值颠覆与结构颠覆;在技术网络与市场网络协同的价值共创期,可以通过"网络平台包络(内容治理)、跨界网络效应激发(关系治理)、异质性利润焦点获取(价值治理)"的综合治理促进技术与市场的颠覆可持续性;(3)平台治理中的内容治理与价值治理是跨界网络治理的"硬实力",而关系治理是跨界网络治理的"软实力",软硬实力的组合共同促进颠覆性技术的技术突破与市场突破。本文丰富了网络治理理论、颠覆性创新理论和平台理论,并对尝试借助平台推进新兴前沿技术突破、尤其是跨界推进颠覆性技术创新的实践行动具有管理启示。     

英语创新教学初探

在英语教学中,适当引入“模仿”、“变式”、“拓展”、“会意”、“评价”、“探索”等方法,有利于激发学生的兴趣,培养学生的想象、思维能力和创新意识。     

利用网络辅助高校师生自主教学大学英语

本文就高校师生利用网络自主教学大学英语的必要性、方法、优势及存在的问题进行了深入探讨,以求提高教学效率,达到增强学生英语综合素质和运用能力的目的。