东海问题现状与展望研讨会纪要

中日东海问题包括东海海域的大陆架与专属经济区划界问题及钓鱼岛主权争议问题.2005年12月7日,中国社会科学院日本研究所与中国社科院边疆史地研究中心、中国太平洋学会、太平洋学报共同主办了东海问题现状与展望研讨会,会议邀请了有关单位的40余位专家学者,就东海问题的现状与未来发展、国际海洋划界新趋势及对策建议等展开了全面深入的研讨,提出了一些值得注意的观点和主张.     

广西农村家庭养老模式分析

广西农村由于有其特定的社会历史条件,传统的家庭养老模式历经变迁,至今仍与其他养老模式并存并居重要地位。需要全社会共同完善和创新这种养老模式,才能应对目前更严峻的挑战,以发挥其在建设社会主义新农村中的积极作用。     

自媒体时代我国政府如何应对“塔西佗陷阱”

自媒体时代传播方式变革的工具原因和转型期公众对政府信任度降低的社会原因将政府推入“塔西佗陷阱”。新时代“塔西佗陷阱”表现为公众对政府政策、政府官员和政府表态的不信任,并具有归责的习惯性、意见的集合性、态度的刻板性等特征。政府若想破除官民之间不信任的坚冰,摆脱“塔西佗陷阱”,必须学会及时应对新情况,把握话语权;积极利用新媒体,发挥“政”能量;努力塑造新形象,维护公信力。     

生物质焦油裂解催化剂的微观结构与催化特性的关联性研究

借助自制的两级固定床热解装置、气相色谱分析仪以及扫描电镜（SEM）等设备,在热解温度700 ℃、催化裂解温度700~900 ℃的条件下,以特种焦、白云石、高铝质多孔熟料为催化剂研究了生物质焦油裂解催化剂的微观结构与催化特性之间的关联性。研究工作以锯末为生物质原料,以过热水蒸汽为气化剂。研究结果表明：催化剂的微观结构与其催化特性具有很强的关联性。从微观结构看,特种焦的特征是：孔隙率高,比表面积大,孔径分布广;白云石则具有不规则裂隙以及不规则鳞片状晶体表面的特征;而高铝质多孔熟料具有裂隙相对规则、晶粒表面相对平滑的特征。实验数据表明：三者在生物质焦油转化率、产气率、产气成分、气体热值等方面均有明显的差异。     

完善上海城郊结合部社会管理的思路和举措

当前上海城郊结合部社会管理存在的问题和需要加以创新的领域有:镇级政府社会管理的边界和权限、社区的法律地位和社会组织培育、城中村治理、区级地区大联动大联勤。完善城郊结合部社会管理任重道远,需要政府和社会联手,管理与服务并重,机制创新与科技手段有效结合,才可能形成一套有效的系统性解决方案。     

The freight allocation problem with all-units quantity-based discount: A heuristic algorithm

This paper studies a problem encountered by a buying office for one of the largest retail distributors in the world. An important task for the buying office is to plan the distribution of goods from Asia to various destinations across Europe. The goods are transported along shipping lanes by shipping companies, which offer different discount rates depending on the freight quantity. To increase the reliability of transportation, the shipper imposes a quantity limit on each shipping company on each shipping lane. To guarantee a minimum business volume, each shipping company requests a minimum total freight quantity over all lanes if it is contracted. The task involves allocating projected demand of each shipping lane to shipping companies subject to the above conditions such that the total cost is minimized.Existing work on this and related problems employs commercial linear programming software to solve their models. However, since the problem is NP−hard in the strong sense, it is unlikely to be solvable optimally in reasonable time for large cases. Hence, we propose the first heuristic-based algorithm for the problem, which combines a filter-and-fan search scheme with a tabu search mechanism. Experiments on randomly generated test instances show that as the size of the problem increases, our algorithm produces superior solutions in less time compared to a leading mixed-integer programming solver.     

A mixed effects model for analyzing area under the curve of longitudinally measured biomarkers with missing data

A simple approach for analyzing longitudinally measured biomarkers is to calculate summary measures such as the area under the curve (AUC) for each individual and then compare the mean AUC between treatment groups using methods such as t test. This two-step approach is difficult to implement when there are missing data since the AUC cannot be directly calculated for individuals with missing measurements. Simple methods for dealing with missing data include the complete case analysis and imputation. A recent study showed that the estimated mean AUC difference between treatment groups based on the linear mixed model (LMM), rather than on individually calculated AUCs by simple imputation, has negligible bias under random missing assumptions and only small bias when missing is not at random. However, this model assumes the outcome to be normally distributed, which is often violated in biomarker data. In this paper, we propose to use a LMM on log-transformed biomarkers, based on which statistical inference for the ratio, rather than difference, of AUC between treatment groups is provided. The proposed method can not only handle the potential baseline imbalance in a randomized trail but also circumvent the estimation of the nuisance variance parameters in the log-normal model. The proposed model is applied to a recently completed large randomized trial studying the effect of nicotine reduction on biomarker exposure of smokers.     

A tardiness-augmented approximation scheme for rejection-allowed multiprocessor rescheduling

In the multiprocessor scheduling problem to minimize the total job completion time, an optimal schedule can be obtained by the shortest processing time rule and the completion time of each job in the schedule can be used as a guarantee for scheduling revenue. However, in practice, some jobs will not arrive at the beginning of the schedule but are delayed and their delayed arrival times are given to the decision-maker for possible rescheduling. The decision-maker can choose to reject some jobs in order to minimize the total operational cost that includes three cost components: the total rejection cost of the rejected jobs, the total completion time of the accepted jobs, and the penalty on the maximum tardiness for the accepted jobs, for which their completion times in the planned schedule are their virtual due dates. This novel rescheduling problem generalizes several classic NP-hard scheduling problems. We first design a pseudo-polynomial time dynamic programming exact algorithm and then, when the tardiness can be unbounded, we develop it into a fully polynomial time approximation scheme. The dynamic programming exact algorithm has a space complexity too high for truthful implementation; we propose an alternative to integrate the enumeration and the dynamic programming recurrences, followed by a depth-first-search walk in the reschedule space. We implemented the alternative exact algorithm in C and conducted numerical experiments to demonstrate its promising performance.

     

沙坪坝区科技成果转化的现状及对策研究

针对重庆市沙坪坝区科技成果转化的现状,分析成果转化中存在的主要问题,提出“增强科技成果的成熟性、提高企业吸纳科技成果的能力”等五项对策性建议。